论平台准处罚权的司法审查:以涉“违规用户处理规则”案件为例  

On judicial review of platform quasi-punishment power--Taking cases involving rules of violating users handling as an example

作　　者：戴杕 葛媛媛 甘立宁 DAI Di;GE Yuanyuan;GAN Lining(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100009,China;Beijing First Intermediate People’s Court,Beijing 100040,China;College of Humanities,Chongqing Metropolitan College of Science and Technology,Chongqing 402100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100009 [2]北京市第一中级人民法院,北京100040 [3]重庆城市科技学院人文学院,重庆402100

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2024年第11期127-138,共12页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：中国社会科学院“青启计划”“行政规范性文件实体合法性的司法审查标准”(2024QQJH137);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助(DF2023YS33)。

摘　　要：平台依据平台规则对违规用户施以各类制裁措施,这一行为带有准处罚权的性质,亟待司法予以约束。平台规则往往以格式条款的形式存在,理应受到更加严格的审查。但实践中法院多因尊重平台自治而采取谦抑态度,对规则效力及实施的审查力度不足,难以有效矫正平台与用户间业已失衡的权利义务关系。基于平台与用户间的明显权力势差,法院应当重新思考平台“准处罚权”的本质,并依此构建形式审查与实质审查并重,实体审查与程序审查并重,且区分审查强度的审查路径。在形式审查上明确提示说明义务主体,在实质审查上引入比例原则“三阶理论”,在程序上强化正当程序原则的运用,以及在审查强度上综合考量平台权力来源、对用户权益的影响程度、平台分级分类情况等,妥善划定法院审查的边界。Platforms impose sanctions on violating users based on platform rules,which has the nature of quasi-punishment power and urgently requires judicial restraint.Platform rules often exist in the form of standard terms and should be subject to stricter scrutiny.However,courts in practice often adopt a humble attitude due to their respect for platform autonomy,leading to insufficiency of review both on the effectiveness and implementation of rules,making it difficult to effectively correct the imbalanced rights and obligations between platforms and users.Based on the obvious power gap between platforms and users,the court should rethink the essence of the platforms’quasi-punishment power and construct an approach that emphasizes both formal and substantive review,substantive and procedural review,and distinguishes the intensity of review.It is necessary to clearly indicate the obligation subject in formal review,introduce the principle of proportionality in substantive review,strengthen the application of the due process principle in procedure review,and comprehensively consider the source of platform power,the degree of impact on user rights,and the classification of platform levels in determining the intensity of review,in order to properly delineate the boundaries of court examination.

关 键 词：平台规则 违规用户处理 司法审查 审查强度 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]