人大主导立法的权力配置与制度完善  

The power allocation and institutional improvement of legislation led by the People’s Congress

作　　者：赵智 ZHAO Zhi(School of Law,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2024年第11期139-152,共14页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：海南省研究生创新科研课题“法制统一视阈下海南自贸港法规变通权的行使规则研究”(Qhyb2023-43)。

摘　　要：人大主导立法是新时代我国立法领域的一项特色制度,先后经历由政策提倡到法律确认的发展历程,在当前立法体制中具有充分的正当性和制度空间,其制度实践也已相继展开。既有研究从不同侧面深化了对这一制度的认识,但却忽视了从宪法权力结构层面展开阐述,导致现有研究缺乏统一的宪法基础,进而未能有效揭示该制度实践权力配置中的主要潜在风险。基于规范立场,在人大主导立法内部权力配置中,存在弱化全国人大立法主体性、限缩全国人大及其常委会立法权力行使空间的风险;在外部权力配置中,松散立法秩序的结构则是主要风险形态。为维持宪法秩序的协调有序,实现人大主导立法的制度功能,需要确立“有限主导”观念。在此指引下,应从强化全国人大及其常委会立法主导地位、明确和细化全国人大及其常委会主导立法的界限和规则、凸显和完善立法审议和监督环节3个方面进行制度完善。The legislative system led by the People’s Congress is a characteristic institutional practice in the legislative field of China in the new era.It has gone through a development process of policy advocacy and legal confirmation,and has sufficient legitimacy and institutional space in the current legislative system.Its institutional practice has also been carried out successively.Previous studies have deepened the understanding of this system from different perspectives,but have overlooked elaborating on it from the perspective of constitutional power structure,resulting in a lack of unified constitutional basis in existing research and thus failing to effectively reveal main potential risks in the power allocation of current institutional practices.Based on normative stance,there is a risk of weakening the legislative subjectivity of the People’s Congress and limiting the exercise of legislative power by the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee in the internal allocation of legislative power led by the People’s Congress.In the allocation of external power,the loose legislative order structure is the main form of risk.In order to maintain a coordinated and orderly constitutional order and achieve the institutional function of the People’s Congress leading legislation,it is necessary to establish the concept of limited leadership.Under this guidance,specific optimization should be carried out from three aspects:strengthening the legislative leading position of the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee,clarifying and refining the boundaries and rules of the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee leading legislation,highlighting and improving the legislative review and supervision process.

关 键 词：人大主导 权力配置 宪法结构 立法监督 

分 类 号：F832.59[经济管理—金融学]