数字牧场助手:奶牛场可持续性、效率及环境影响的评估工具  

NEU.rind-Digital Farm Assistant for Assessing Sustainability,Efficiency and Environmental Impact on the Dairy Farm

作　　者：汪俊彦(编译) 郭凯军[1] WANG Junyan;GUO Kaijun(Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 100096)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院,北京100096

出　　处：《中国乳业》2024年第11期45-49,56,共6页China Dairy

基　　金：北京市家畜创新团队项目(BAIC05-2024)。

摘　　要：为减少奥地利养牛业对环境的影响并提高牧场可持续性,必须针对性地提出建议措施。然而,只有在掌握各牧场的有效关键数据和具体措施的潜力信息后,才能提供这类建议。为此,具有代表性和可比性的关键数据与基准不可或缺。本文通过与研究机构、牧场主代表、记录机构、咨询机构、乳品加工和销售机构的代表合作,确定了详细的需求。为减少数据记录的工作量,在一些具有国际可比性的特定牧场指标上,应尽可能多地运用预先收集的数据来评估牧场的可持续性。这些数据源于中央牛群数据库并与其他官方及相关数据相连,如牧场的土地使用情况(来源于综合管理和控制系统,IACS)或经济参数。现有数据与农场原始数据相互补充。依据环境相关的生命周期评估(LCA)工具计算8项综合指标,涵盖全球变暖、饲料-粮食竞争、氨排放、累积能量需求、生物多样性等内容,并辅以动物健康和经济方面的关键数据进行分析。分析的指标单位为每公斤牛奶、每公顷土地面积或每个农场。本文对收集数据进行敏感性分析和准确性分析,避免因部分农场数据记录减少而引起变化。目前,运用一个数据收集模型对代表不同环境条件和生产系统的200个奶牛场进行分析,并在此基础上,设计出对用户友好的数字农场助手最终版本,以供日常使用。In order to reduce the environmental impact of Austrian cattle farming and to improve sustainability,farm-specific recommendations for action are essential.However,these can only be provided if meaningful key figures and information on the potential of farmspecific measures are known for individual farms.Representative and comparable key figures with benchmarking are essential for this.In collaboration with representatives from research,farmer representatives,recording organisations,consultancies,dairy processing and marketing organisations,needs and requirements were elaborated.We use as much pre-collected data as possible to assess highly important sustainability aspects on a dairy farm-specific but internationally comparable level by aiming at reducing the workload for data recording.These data come from the central cattle database and interfaces to other official and relevant data,e.g.farms’land use(from the Integrated Administration and Control System,IACS)or economic parameters.Existing data are supplemented with on-farm primary data to calculate eight aggregated indicators based on life cycle assessment methods in the environmental dimension.Indicators cover global warming,food-feed-competition,ammonia emissions,cumulative energy demand,biodiversity aspects and are complemented by animal health aspects and economic key figures.Functional units are kg milk,hectare and farm.Sensitivity analyses have been conducted to assess the most important data and changes in accuracy due to minimised additional farm data records.Currently,we used a prototype for data collection to analyse 200 dairy farms representing different environmental conditions and production systems.Based on that information,we will elaborate a final user-friendly version of the digital farm assistant for routine use.

关 键 词：温室气体排放 碳足迹 在线工具 

分 类 号：S818.9[农业科学—畜牧学] S823[农业科学—畜牧兽医]