国内外牛羊乳标准比对与标准体系建设的建议  

Comparison of Domestic and International Standards for Cow and Goat Milk and Suggestions on the Construction of Standard System

作　　者：邓波 江春铃 杨晓君 马颖清 陈柔含 杨长丽 张维谊 DENG Bo;JIANG Chunling;YANG Xiaojun;MA Yingqing;CHEN Rouhan;YANG Changli;ZHANG Weiyi(Shanghai Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center,Shanghai 201708;College of Food Sciences&Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306)

机构地区：[1]上海市农产品质量安全中心,上海201708 [2]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国乳业》2024年第11期138-143,共6页China Dairy

基　　金：上海市奶业优势特色产业集群科研类项目-都市奶业质量安全关键技术研究与集成应用(沪农委2024-74号)。

摘　　要：本文通过对国内外牛羊乳标准的比较,分析了彼此间标准的差异,提出了我国牛羊乳标准体系建设的建议。通过比较国际广泛认可的ISO标准和中国现行的牛羊乳标准,本文提出中国采纳国际标准相对滞后,尤其在生乳质量分级和检测技术标准方面与国际水平有较大差距。同时,本文分析了这些差异对国内牛羊乳市场及出口的不利影响,强调提高标准国际化水平的必要性。其次,本文探讨了标准体系的优化方法,包括增加强制性标准比重,完善“分等分级”标准体系。这些措施有助于通过标准来规范和提升我国牛羊乳的质量和安全,增强国际竞争力。此外,本文建议加强与国际标准对接,通过标准指引技术升级和管理改进,提升生乳的生产加工水平。本文提出的策略和建议,为促进我国牛羊乳标准体系完善、国际化提供了参考。Based on the comparison of domestic and foreign milk standards,this paper analyzed the differences between each other's standards,and put forward suggestions for the construction of China's milk standard system.By comparing the widely recognized international ISO standards and China's current cow and goat milk standards,this paper proposed that China's adoption of international standards is lagging behind,especially in raw milk quality grading and testing technical standards.There is a big gap with the international level.At the same time,this paper analyzed the adverse effects of these differences on the domestic milk market and export,and emphasized the necessity of improving the internationalization level of standards.Secondly,this paper discussed the optimization methods of the standard system,including increasing the proportion of mandatory standards and improving the grading standard system.These measures help to standardize and improve the quality and safety of China's milk through standards,and enhance international competitiveness.In addition,this paper proposed to strengthen the docking with international standards,and improved the production and processing level of raw milk through standard guidance technology upgrading and management improvement.The strategies and suggestions proposed in this paper provided a reference for promoting the improvement and internationalization of China's milk standard system.

关 键 词：牛羊乳 ISO标准 质量分级 标准体系 

分 类 号：TS252.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] F203[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]