黄河源区浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境驱动因素  

Dynamics and environmental drivers of the phytoplankton community in the source region of the Yellow River

作　　者：吴湘香[1,2] 马宝珊 茹辉军[1] 王宏[3] 杨尖拉毛 张燕 吴凡[1] 杨传顺[1] 李云峰 U Xiangxiang;MA Baoshan;RU Huijun;WANG Hong;YangJianlamao;ZHANG Yan;WU Fan;YANG Chuanshun;LI Yunfeng(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Gansu Maqu Tibetan Plateau Indigenous Fish Nature Reserve Administration,Maqu 747300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]甘肃省玛曲青藏高原土著鱼类自然保护区管理局,甘肃玛曲747300

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第9期1015-1026,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“黄河渔业资源与环境调查”;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023TD09).

摘　　要：为探究黄河源区初级生产者浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境驱动因素,于2023年春季(4—5月)和夏季(8-9月),对黄河河源区干流和支流(曲麻莱-兴海,河段约1200 km)进行了2次调查,共采集了33个站点水样。鉴定出浮游植物7门235种(属),平均密度182.75×10^(4) cells/L,平均生物量55.35×10^(−3) mg/L,其中硅藻门为优势类群,种类数占比72.31%。从时间上,物种组成和丰度存在季节差异,浮游植物物种数、平均密度春季均高于夏季,平均生物量春季低于夏季,但差异均不显著;从空间上,浮游植物物种数、平均密度和生物量干流均高于支流,浮游植物物种数下游最高,浮游植物平均密度和生物量中游最高,但差异不显著。黄河源区浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(d)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)均值分别为2.87±0.66、6.65±0.94和0.77±0.17,春季均低于夏季,且季节差异极显著。浮游植物优势度Y≥0.02的优势种共9种,主要为硅藻门藻类,春、夏两季均为优势种的藻类包括中型脆杆藻(Fragilaria intermedia)、二头脆杆藻(Fragilaria biceps)、肘状针杆藻(Synedra ulna)、念珠状等片藻(Diatoma moniliforme)、胀大桥弯藻(Cymbella turgidula)。浮游植物群落与环境因子的相关性分析表明,黄河源区春季和夏季浮游植物群落结构的影响因素不同,在春季浮游植物密度和生物量主要影响因素有海拔(ASL)、河宽(RW)、流速(FV)等因素,而夏季主要有高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、悬浮物(SS)、透明度(SD)等因素。本研究成果可为黄河流域水生态保护的科学决策提供重要基础数据。The source region of the Yellow River is located in the eastern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the ecological environment in the basin is fragile.The climate in this area is classified as plateau sub-cold zone,semi-humid and plateau temperate zone,semi-humid.The annual rainfall is approximately 300 mm,and the average annual water temperature is 3.4‒7.2℃.As the global climate is changing and human activities are increasing,the ecological environment of the basin is confronting great pressure.The protection and restoration of the environment around the Yellow River has become the focus of human society.To explore the characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors,two comprehensive investigations were undertaken in the main stem and tributaries of the Yellow River in the spring and summer of 2023,respectively.The total length of the survey site of the river was 1200 km.Phytoplankton samples were collected from 33 survey stations along the source region of the Yellow River.The environmental parameters including water temperature,dissolved oxygen level,conductivity,turbidity,pH,chlorophyll a level,suspended solid levels,flow velocity,river width,transparency,altitude,latitude,and longitude were collected in the field.One liter of water was collected in a polytetrafluoride bottle and returned to the laboratory for analyses of water quality indices,including total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels and the potassium permanganate index.In total,235 species of phytoplankton belonging to seven genera were identified,with an average density and biomass of 182.75×10^(4) cells/L and 55.35×10^(-3) mg/L,respectively.Diatoms were the dominant species,accounting for 72.31%of all species.Seasonal changes in species composition and abundance existed,but were not significant.From the perspective of spatial dynamics,the phytoplankton species and their abundance in the main stem proceeded to the tributaries.The number of phytoplankton species was highest in the

关 键 词：黄河源区 浮游植物 群落结构 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]