黄河河南段浮游生物群落结构特征  

Analysis of the community structure characteristics of plankton in Henan section of the Yellow River

作　　者：王兆平 惠筠 马超 周晓林 杨慧 贺海战 张清清 WANG Zhaoping;HUI Yun;MA Chao;ZHOU Xiaolin;YANG Hui;HE Haizhan;ZHANG Qingqing(Henan Fisheries Science Research Institute,Zhengzhou 450044,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省水产科学研究院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第9期1027-1041,共15页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“黄河渔业资源与环境调查”.

摘　　要：为了揭示黄河河南段浮游生物的群落结构特征,于2023年5月、2023年10月和2024年2月对黄河河南段15个点位进行了3次浮游生物采样,并对样品中的浮游生物进行了定性、定量检测。从浮游生物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种及生物多样性5个方面进行了分析。结果表明,该15个点位共检出浮游植物8门134种(属),以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,蓝藻门次之;浮游动物共检出4大类66种(属),其中轮虫种类最多,原生动物次之。浮游植物的丰度值变化范围为6.02×10^(4)~11.71×10^(6) cells/L,均值为10.92×10^(5) cells/L,生物量为0.06~5.83 mg/L,均值为0.66 mg/L;浮游动物丰度变化范围为3~2180 ind/L,均值为164.03 ind/L,生物量为0.001~3.363 mg/L,均值为0.33 mg/L。单因素方差分析显示浮游植物密度5月与10月有显著差异(P<0.05),与2月差异不显著(P>0.05),浮游动物密度5月与10月、2月有显著差异(P<0.05)。浮游植物和浮游动物生物量5月与10月、2月有显著差异(P<0.05)。小球藻属(Chlorella)、绿球藻属(Chlorocaccam)、纤维藻属(Ankistrodesmus)、衣藻属(Chlamydomonas)、卵囊藻属(Oocystis)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、小环藻属(Cyclotella)、脆杆藻属(Fragilaria)为浮游植物不同时期的共同优势种;萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、盖氏晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna girodi)、象鼻溞属(Bosmina)、秀体溞属(Diaphanosoma)、溞属(Daphnia)、猛水蚤属(Harpacticoida)、桡足类无节幼体为浮游动物不同时期的共同优势种。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener指数变化范围为0.66~4.38,均值为2.70;Margalef物种丰富度指数为1.32~4.68,均值为2.70;Pielou物种均匀度指数为0.16~0.97,均值为0.63。浮游动物Shannon-Wiener指数变化范围为0.50~3.02,均值为1.70;Margalef物种丰富度指数为0.32~2.33,均值为1.14;Pielou物种均匀度指数为0.39~1,均值为0.84。根据生物多样性指数评价标准,黄河河南段近期水质�To reveal the community structure characteristics of plankton in the Henan section of the Yellow River,three samplings were conducted at 15 sites in May 2023,October 2023,and February 2024.Qualitative and quantitative analyses of plankton in the samples were carried out.The analysis was conducted from five aspects:the species composition,density,biomass,dominant species,and biodiversity of plankton.A total of 134 species(genera)of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla,mainly Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta,followed by Cyanophyta,were detected at the 15 sites.A total of 66 species(genera)of zooplankton belonging to four major groups were detected,among which Rotifera had the largest number of species,followed by Protozoa.The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 6.02×10^(4) to 11.71×10^(6) cells/L,with an average of 10.92×10^(5) cells/L,and the biomass was 0.06–5.83 mg/L,with an average of 0.66 mg/L.The abundance of zooplankton ranged from 3 to 2180 ind/L,with an average of 164.03 ind/L,and the biomass was 0.001–3.363 mg/L,with an average of 0.330 mg/L.One-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in the density of phytoplankton between May and October(P<0.05),but no significant difference between May and February(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the density of zooplankton between May and October and February(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the biomass of zooplankton and phytoplankton between May and October and between May and February(P<0.05).Chlorella sp.,Ankistrodesmus spp.,Chlamydomonas spp.,Oocystis spp.,Melosira granulata,Synedra acus,Cyclotella spp.,and Fragilaria spp.were the dominant species of phytoplankton in different periods.Brachionus calyciflorus,Asplanchna girodi,Bosmina spp.,Diaphanosoma spp.,Daphnia spp.,Harpacticoida spp.,and Nauplius spp.were the dominant species of zooplankton in different periods.The Shannon-Wiener index value of phytoplankton ranged from 0.66 to 4.38,with an average of 2.70.The Margalef species richness index val

关 键 词：黄河河南段 浮游生物 丰度 生物量 群落特征 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]