鄂陵湖近岸花斑裸鲤的食物组成及随其生长的摄食变化  

Food composition and feeding changes of Gymnocypris eckloni with growth in the coastal area of Eling Lake,Qinghai,China

作　　者：周翘楚 蒋海鹏 匡箴 梁翼东 徐东坡 段启轩[3] 祁洪芳 ZHOU Qiaochu;JIANG Haipeng;KUANG Zhen;LIANG Yidong;XU Dongpo;DUAN Qixuan;QI Hongfang(Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi Fisheries College,Wuxi 214081,China;Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the hangjiang River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration Qinghai Xining 810000,China;Rescue Center of Gymnocypris przewalskii Qinghai Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,江苏无锡214081 [3]三江源国家公园管理局,青海西宁810000 [4]青海湖裸鲤救护中心,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第9期1069-1078,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“黄河渔业资源与环境调查”(HHDC-2022-05);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023TD65).

摘　　要：为了探究黄河源头鄂陵湖的土著鱼种花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)的食物组成,本研究采用镜检分析法和DNA宏条形码技术对2023年6月采集自鄂陵湖的花斑裸鲤的摄食强度、食物组成、摄食习性及其随发育的变化进行了研究分析。通过镜检分析鉴定出22尾花斑裸鲤摄食的7个类群,26种饵料生物。同时,利用DNA宏条形码技术检测出饵料生物12门43属。研究发现,花斑裸鲤的食物种类及多样性指数随花斑裸鲤规格的增加而呈现显著变化。大规格花斑裸鲤肠含物中饵料生物多样性高于中等规格花斑裸鲤高于小规格花斑裸鲤,其优势饵料生物为刺胞动物。本研究结合镜检分析法和DNA宏条形码技术,增强了描述花斑裸鲤食性的准确性和全面性,为花斑裸鲤的生物学特征研究提供了重要的基础数据和资料。这些发现不仅有助于更好地理解花斑裸鲤在自然环境中的食物来源和摄食策略,也为开展花斑裸鲤人工养殖、营养需求评估、饵料投喂及繁育特性提供重要的科学依据和参考。The food composition of Gymnocypris eckloni,an indigenous fish species of Eling Lake at the source of the Yellow River,can lay a foundation for its biology.In the present study,feeding intensity,food composition,feeding habits,and their changes with the growth of Gymnocypris eckloni collected in June 2023 from Eling Lake were studied and analyzed by using microscopic analysis and DNA metabarcoding.A total of 7 taxa and 26 primary dietary groups were identified from the intestinal contents of 22 Gymnocypris eckloni using microscopic analysis.Metabarcoding technology detected 12 phyla and 43 genera of bait organisms.The food diversity index value and food species varied with the increase in size of Gymnocypris eckloni,and the dominant dietary group was Cnidaria.The diversity of bait organisms in the intestinal contents was higher for large Gymnocypris eckloni individuals than for medium-sized and small-sized Gymnocypris eckloni individuals.The present study,combining microscopic analysis and DNA metabarcoding,has greatly enhanced the ability to characterize the dietary habits of the Gymnocypris eckloni.This study provides important basic data and information for conducting artificial culture and determining the nutritional requirements and bait feeding and breeding characteristics of Gymnocypris eckloni.

关 键 词：鄂陵湖 花斑裸鲤 食物组成 宏条形码技术 摄食变化 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]