商品之“血”:民国时期血液供给贸易及其社会反应  

Blood as a Commodity:Blood Supply Trade and Its Social Response in Republican China

作　　者：范程琳 Fan Chenglin

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第12期52-64,共13页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：民国时期,输血术的引入成为推动人体商品化的重要技术因素。从个体临时性、特定性供血发展至医院或中介机构组织的有偿供血团体,血液供给规模逐步扩大,实现了供血的专业化与商业化。然而,血液供给贸易的发展也伴随着一系列问题。复杂多样的有偿输血者群体增加了血液质量和安全的潜在风险。此外,在缺乏监管和明确法规的背景下,部分医院和输血公司的失范运作不仅损害了医疗秩序与公平,还导致了输血者遭受身体和经济的双重剥削,同时忽视了血液所蕴含的人道主义价值。血液贸易这一现象引发了社会各界对医疗伦理、社会公平和法律规范等多方面的深入审视与讨论。分析并反思血液供给贸易的历史进程,对于正确理解和完善当代血液供给制度具有重要的现实意义。During the Republican era of China,the introduction of blood transfusion techniques became a significant technological factor in promoting the commodification of the human body.The scale of blood supply gradually expanded from individual,temporary,and specific blood donations to paid blood donation groups organized by hospitals or intermediary institutions,thus achieving the professionalization and commercialization of blood supply.However,the development of the blood supply trade was accompanied by a series of issues.The complex and diverse groups of paid blood donors increased potential risks of blood quality and safety.Moreover,in the absence of effective supervision and clear regulations,the non-compliant operations of some hospitals and blood transfusion companies not only undermined medical order and fairness,but also resulted in blood donors suffering from both physical and economic exploitations.This approach simultaneously neglected the humanitarian value inherent in blood.The phenomenon of blood trade triggered in-depth scrutiny and discussions across various sectors of society on medical ethics,social equity,and legal norms.Analyzing and reflecting on the historical process of the blood supply trade holds significant practical implications for correctly understanding and improving contemporary blood supply systems.

关 键 词：民国时期 血液供给 血液贸易 医疗伦理 输血技术 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]