城市科学视角下的中国建成区域位序—规模关系研究  

Rank-size relationship of built-up patches in China from the perspective of urban science

作　　者：邓小月 何深静[1] 陈彦光[2] DENG Xiaoyue;HE Shenjing;CHEN Yanguang(Department of Urban Planning and Design,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学城市规划与建筑设计系,中国香港999077 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2024年第11期2147-2156,共10页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171192)。

摘　　要：建成区用地是城市体系的重要组成部分。论文从城市科学的视角出发,将建成区域视为一种遵循一定自然规律的研究对象,分别使用传统的和等级重构的位序—规模分布模型分析其面积与人口规模分布,并且检验了建成区规模增长是否服从Gibrat定律。研究发现,建成区域的面积规模在两种模型下都服从位序—规模分布,而人口规模仅在重构的模型下才服从位序—规模分布。而使用两种规模测度的建成区域体系,都不适用Gibrat定律。结果表明,中国建成区内部建成行为与人口流动动力机制存在结构性差异,其中建成行为具有中心化管理的趋势,而人口流动具有去中心化特征,因此面积的扩张易于人口增长。在算法意义上,相比于传统的位序—规模表达,等级标度模型具有给数据降噪的功能,可以作为大样本量位序—规模分析时的优化算法;在理论上,等级标度模型从宏观结构上给位序—规模提供了一种解释,即位序—规模图式是一种宏观的、隐藏的秩序,需要在经验数据的重构中重新发现规律。From the perspective of urban science,this study assumed that the development of built-up areas follows certain natural law.Using the conventional and reconstructed scaling expression of rank-size distribution models,this study analyzed built-up area and population size distributions,and examined whether the size of built-up areas follow the Gibrat's law.The conventional expression of rank-size distribution is from empirical patterns while the reconstructed one is mathematically derived from a hierarchical fractal system.Thus,the reconstructing process itself is to connect the empirical phenomenon to the hidden order,which is consistent with the perspective of urban science.Specifically,to match the area and population datasets,this study first applied city cluster algorithm to delineate all built-up areas in China,using the global impervious area data.Then the boundaries of built-up areas were used to aggregate population size from the LandScan world population product.The study found that the area size of built-up areas follows the rank-size distribution under both models,while the population size follows that only under the reconstructed model.Moreover,the Gibrat's law is not suitable for explaining the rank-size patterns of the built-up area system.The research results reveal the structural differences in the dynamic mechanism of urban development and population mobility within built-up area systems in China.Urban development shows a tendency of centralized management,and area expansion is easier/quicker than population growth.The potential contribution of this research is two-fold:first,the reconstructed scaling model can filter data noises algorithmically and thus can be used as an optimization algorithm for large sample size sequence-scale analysis;second,the reconstructed scaling model has a macroscopic structure that provides an explanation for rank-size distribution,that is,the rank-scale schema is a macroscopic pattern and hidden order,which needs to be rediscovered through reconstructing the empirical

关 键 词：城市科学 Zipf定律 城市标度律 分形城市 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F299.2[经济管理—国民经济]