越南投资环境评价与重点投资区域研究  

Investment environment assessment and key investment areas in Vietnam

作　　者：李观凤 梁育填[1,2] 李尚谦 LI Guanfeng;LIANG Yutian;LI Shangqian(School of Geography and Planning/China Regional Coordinated Development and Rural Construction Institute,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Institute of International and Regional Studies,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院/中国区域协调发展与乡村建设研究院,广州510275 [2]中山大学区域国别研究院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2024年第11期2258-2270,共13页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271180,41871114)。

摘　　要：区域国别的投资环境评价是企业投资区位选择的重要支撑,但已有研究难以满足现阶段企业投资的现实需求。论文基于实地调研和二手数据,从要素禀赋、基础设施、产业发展、市场环境、金融环境和制度环境6个方面评估越南投资环境,刻画其地域分异特征,分析重点投资区域及其主要投资领域。结果表明:①在空间格局方面,越南投资环境呈现空间非均衡格局。要素禀赋、基础设施、产业发展、市场环境、金融环境和制度环境的空间分布特征为局部高值、整体低值。胡志明市、河内市、海防市、平阳省、同奈省和巴地头顿省的投资环境优于其他省(市)。②在类型区方面,越南投资环境可划分为优先投资区、关键投资区、一般投资区、潜力投资区和谨慎投资区。优先、关键、一般和潜力投资区的分布范围与北部重点经济区和南部重点经济区相吻合。③在投资重点方面,越南重点投资区域在产业发展和投资偏好上存在差异。越南北部重点经济区的重点投资产业为电子信息产业、机械制造业和新能源产业,南部重点经济区则为纺织服装业、食品加工业和高新技术产业。④在政策建议方面,构建多层次中越投资机制,建立多方参与的海外投资服务体系;分区有序规划,培育以“粤港澳大湾区—北部湾经济区—河内北部重点经济区”为核心的中越沿海经济带;优选投资产业,发挥境外产业园区的功能,形成互利共赢的产业链;依据企业特性,权衡投资目的地的区位优劣势。研究为越南投资区位选择、中越经贸合作以及未来构建更具韧性的中越命运共同体提供了一定的科学决策依据。When selecting investment locations,evaluating a region's or country's investment environment is crucial for enterprises.However,existing research often falls short of meeting the current practical needs of businesses.To address this gap,we conducted a field research and developed a comprehensive indicator system to assess Vietnam's investment environment across six key dimensions:factor endowment,infrastructure,industrial development,market conditions,financial environment,and institutional context.Based on this framework,we categorized Vietnam's investment environment,analyzed the key regions for investment and priority investment areas,and proposed four specific investment strategies.The study yielded vital findings:1)Vietnam's investment environment across multiple dimensions—factor endowment,infrastructure,industrial development,market conditions,financial environment,and institutional context—generally falls within average to medium levels.There is a notable spatial distribution pattern where some areas show high local values,but the overall investment environment remains relatively poor.2)The investment environment in Vietnam exhibits a clear spatial imbalance.Provinces such as Ho Chi Minh City,Hanoi,Hai Phong,Binh Duong,Dong Nai,and Ba Ria-Vung Tau stand out,ranking above the national average.3)Vietnam's investment environment can be categorized into five types:priority investment zones,key investment zones,general investment zones,potential investment zones,and cautious investment zones.The spatial distribution of these zones aligns with Vietnam's key economic regions,which are in the north and the south.4)Investment preferences vary by region.The northern critical economic zone develops industries like electronics,machinery manufacturing,and new energy.In contrast,the southern critical economic zone focuses on industries such as textiles and garments,food processing,and high-tech sectors.This research provides a scientific basis for enterprise investment decisions in Vietnam,fosters China-Vietnam ec

关 键 词：投资环境 重点投资区域 投资重点“ 一带一路” 越南 

分 类 号：F133.3[经济管理—世界经济]