河南省盗掘文物犯罪的案件特征、空间格局与形成机制  

Case characteristics,spatial pattern,and formation mechanism of criminal looting of cultural relics in Henan Province

作　　者：兰利 李钢[1,2] 李秉承 温小婷 王紫琦 王亚彤 LAN Li;LI Gang;LI Bingcheng;WEN Xiaoting;WANG Ziqi;WANG Yatong(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2024年第11期2312-2326,共15页Progress in Geography

基　　金：西北大学“仲英青年学者”支持计划(2016);西北大学“人地关系与空间安全”特色优势科研团队建设项目(2019)。

摘　　要：作为文明传承与文化自信重要载体的中国文物古迹屡遭不法分子盗掘,极大地妨害了华夏文明的考古探源和国家文物安全及文化自信建设,值得社会各界重点关注。鉴于当前缺乏地理学视角下针对此类犯罪高发地域的聚焦探究,论文以中国盗掘文物犯罪重灾区之一的河南省为研究区,综合利用文本分析、数理统计和空间分析等方法探究其域内盗掘文物犯罪的案件特征、空间格局与形成机制,以期为打击、预防盗掘文物犯罪工作提供参考。研究发现:①犯罪人多为省内居住的低学历、低收入中老年男性;被盗掘古迹以缺乏守护措施的秦汉及夏商周时期在野古墓葬为主,被盗掘古迹文物涉及陶器、砖石制品、青铜器、铜器、瓷器等类别;被盗掘古迹所处微观环境涉及乡野环境、地面古迹环境和建设环境。②空间上,集聚于河南东北部和西北部地区,存在安阳和洛阳两个高发市域,郑州、开封和驻马店三个次高发市域;县域尺度上呈“高—高”和“高—低”集聚,高发区和热点区的分布均与市域尺度分布一致;随时间推移,高发区由南部向西北部转移而后转至东北部。③古迹分布和居民受教育水平是主要影响因素;古迹分布与犯罪人居住地、作案地高度重合,遗址区住民就近作案特征明显,这与区域历史、经济、人口、社会因素有关,可运用社会解组理论和理性选择理论解释。As an important carrier of civilization inheritance and cultural self-confidence,China's cultural relics have been repeatedly looted and excavated by lawbreakers,which greatly hinders the archaeological exploration of Chinese civilization and the construction of national cultural relics security and cultural self-confidence,and deserves the attention of all sectors of society.Given the lack of focused exploration of the high-incidence areas of this type of crime from the perspective of geography,this research selected Henan Province,one of the hardest-hit areas of criminal looting of cultural relics in China,as the research area,and used the methods of text analysis,mathematical statistics,and spatial analysis to explore the case characteristics,spatial pattern,and formation mechanism of these incidents,to provide a reference for the prevention of criminal looting of cultural relics.The results show that:1)Most of the offenders were middle-aged and elderly men with low education and low income who dwelled in Henan Province;the looted cultural relics were mainly the ancient tombs of the Qin,Han,Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties that lack protection measures;the types of the stolen archaeological artifacts included pottery,masonry products,bronze,porcelain,among others;the micro-environment of the looted cultural relics involved rural settings,above-ground cultural relics,and construction zones.2)Spatially,the incidents were concentrated in the northeastern and northwestern regions of the province,with two high-incidence cities(Anyang and Luoyang)and three secondary high-incidence cities(Zhengzhou,Kaifeng,and Zhumadian).At the county scale,there was a"high-high"and"high-low"agglomeration;the distribution of high-incidence areas and hotspots was consistent with the city-scale distribution.Over time,the high-incidence area first shifted from the Runlou Site area in the south to the Han-Wei Ancient Luoyang City and Mangshan Mausoleum Group in the northwest,and then moved to the Yinxu Site area in the northeast.3)The distri

关 键 词：盗掘文物犯罪 案件特征 空间分异 形成机制 河南省 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D917[政治法律—法学]