三倍体长牡蛎人工育苗稳产技术的探讨  

Discussion on new techniques of artificially breeding stable yield triploid Crassostrea gigas

作　　者：李琦 邹多 李春华 李海昆 于瑞海[1] LI Qi;ZOU Duo;LI Chunhua;LI Haikun;YU Ruihai(Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报（中英文）》2024年第5期171-175,共5页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900705);教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(KLM2017004)。

摘　　要：针对三倍体长牡蛎人工育苗中存在的幼虫存活率低、变态率低等问题,本文详细叙述了四倍体和二倍体的亲贝培育,人工授精,三倍体幼虫的孵化和培育等环节的技术。首先,应强化四倍体亲贝的倍性检测和四倍体、二倍体亲贝的促熟培育;人工授精和孵化时,应做好二倍体亲贝的解剖和雌雄区分,严防二倍体牡蛎精子对卵子的污染,以确保长牡蛎幼虫三倍体率为100%,同时还应控制孵化密度以提高幼虫孵化率;在幼虫培育阶段,通过合理控制幼虫培育密度、强化营养供给、确保培育的优良水质和定期筛分幼虫大小等方法促进幼虫生长速度,提高幼虫存活率;在采苗阶段,通过调控附着基质量和投放量,加大换水量、投饵量,及时倒串等技术措施,提高附着变态率;中期培育阶段则主要是监测水质和控制密度,确保稚贝能够快速生长发育。本文提出的一系列技术措施对提高三倍体长牡蛎人工育苗成功率,使之达到稳产水平,取得较好的效果具有重要意义。To solve the problems like low larval survival rate and low metamorphosis rate met in the artificial seedling production of triploid oyster(Crassostrea gigas),in this paper,we detailed the technical elements and key problems in the cultivation of tetraploid and diploid stocks,artificial insemination,hatching and larval cultivation.First,the detection of tetraploid oyster,and the cultivation of tetraploid and diploid stocks should be strengthened to promote the development and maturation of their gonads.During artificial insemination and hatching,the dissection and sex discrimination of diploid oyster should be strengthened,and uncontrolled fertilization should be eliminated to ensure the completeness(triploid rate 100%)of triploid larvae.At the same time,the hatching density should be strictly controlled to improve the hatching rate of larvae.During the larval culture,larval growth and larval survival rate can be promoted by reasonably controlling larval culture density,enhancing feeding of singlecelled algae,ensuring stable breeding water quality and regular screening seedlings.In the attachment stage,the attachment metamorphosis rate can be improved by regulating the quality and quantity of attachment base,increasing the amount of water and bait,and reversing the string in time.In the middle stage of cultivation,water quality and density should be controlled to ensure the rapid growth and development of juvenile.A series of technical measures and key problems were proposed in this paper,which are of a great significance for improving the success rate of artificial seedling breeding of triploid oyster.

关 键 词：长牡蛎 三倍体 人工育苗 稳产 技术 探讨 

分 类 号：Q321[生物学—遗传学] S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]