非编码RNA和外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病发生机制中的作用及早期诊断价值  

Role of non-coding RNA and exosomes in pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and their early diagnostic value

作　　者：胡玲莉[1] 李娜[2] 李京阳 张二云 陈钰 顾颖 Hu Lingli;Li Na;Li Jingyang;Zhang Eryun;Chen Yu;Gu Ying(Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,Jiangsu Province,China;Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases,Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu Province,China;Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu Province,China;Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学,江苏省南京市211166 [2]无锡市妇幼保健院优生优育遗传医学研究所,江苏省无锡市214000 [3]江南大学,江苏省无锡市214000 [4]南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院,无锡市妇幼保健院,江苏省无锡市214000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第31期5070-5077,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：2021年度江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F202107),项目负责人:顾颖;无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(M202217),项目负责人:顾颖;无锡市卫生健康委青年项目(Q202104),项目负责人:李娜。

摘　　要：背景:近几年有很多关于外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病发生机制的研究,但缺乏不同来源尤其是胎盘来源外泌体的最新系统综述。目的:文章对微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA以及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病中的变化情况及对疾病发生发展的可能作用进行综述,为临床妊娠期糖尿病的早期筛查与治疗提供潜在靶标。方法:从PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据及维普数据库进行非编码RNA或外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病相关文献进行检索,最终纳入74篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①非编码RNA通过调节各种生理功能参与了妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展,为妊娠期糖尿病的研究提供了新的方向。②外泌体在人体中广泛存在,红细胞、上皮细胞和胎盘细胞等均可分泌外泌体,这些不同来源外泌体中的非编码RNA被证明可以在妊娠期糖尿病的发病机制、诊断以及治疗方法中发挥一定的作用。③微小RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血微小RNA在妊娠期糖尿病中的作用主要是影响滋养层细胞、胰腺β细胞功能以及妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平;胎盘微小RNA可反映妊娠期糖尿病的严重程度,并损伤滋养层细胞的功能。④长链非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血长链非编码RNA可以通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B通路诱导胰岛素抵抗并且有可能为妊娠期糖尿病的诊断与治疗提供新的思路;胎盘长链非编码RNA可以调控妊娠期糖尿病胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移,促进妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑤环状RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血和胎盘环状RNA可通过损伤胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移与代谢等功能诱导糖尿病的发生发展。⑥外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血外泌体非编码RNA可影响妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平和葡萄糖稳态,通过影响胎盘功能参与妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑦非编码RNA有潜力成为妊娠期糖尿病�BACKGROUND:In recent years,there have been many studies on the mechanism of exosomal non-coding RNA in gestational diabetes mellitus,but there is a lack of the latest systematic review of exosomes from different sources,especially placental sources.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the changes and potential roles of microRNA(miRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),circular RNA(circRNA),and exosomes in gestational diabetes mellitus to provide potential targets for early screening and treatment of clinical gestational diabetes mellitus.METHODS:A literature search was conducted on PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,and VIP databases to retrieve relevant articles on non-coding RNA or exosomal non-coding RNA in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus.A total of 74 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Non-coding RNAs play important pathological and physiological roles in the lifecycle activities,and increasing evidences suggest that non-coding RNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by regulating various physiological functions.This provides a new direction for the research of gestational diabetes mellitus.(2)Exosomes are widely present in the human body.Various cells can secrete exosomes,such as red blood cells,epithelial cells,and placental cells.Non-coding RNAs found in exosomes from different sources have been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.(3)MiRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus:The role of peripheral blood miRNA in gestational diabetes mellitus is mainly to affect the functions of trophoblast cells,pancreatic beta cells and blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes mellitus;placental miRNA can reflect the severity of gestational diabetes and impair the function of trophoblast cells.(4)LncRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus:Peripheral blood lncRNA can induce insulin resistance through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathwa

关 键 词：妊娠期糖尿病 外泌体 微小RNA 长非编码RNA 环状RNA 胎盘 外周血 胰腺Β细胞 滋养层细胞 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R364