抛光粉废料中稀土元素的回收综述  

Review on rare earths recovery from polishing powder wastes

作　　者：卢国俭[1] LU Guo-jian(Lianyungang Normal College,Lianyungang 222006,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港师范高等专科学校,江苏连云港222006

出　　处：《现代化工》2024年第12期72-77,共6页Modern Chemical Industry

基　　金：江苏省科技成果转化项目(BA2016130);连云港市社会发展项目(1505);连云港市第六期“521工程”科研项目资助计划(LYG065212202162)。

摘　　要：抛光粉废料中稀土元素含量为10.31%~86.93%,二次回收具有经济上的可行性。对现有的碱焙-酸浸分质、酸焙-水浸分离、酸浸-碱溶洗脱、酸浸-还原协同等稀土回收方法从原理、工艺流程、工艺参数上进行了概括和总结。结果表明,酸焙-水浸、酸浸-还原协同法稀土回收率可达98%以上,是一种较为简单、环保的工艺;然而,上述2种方法面临着工艺通用性有限、相关浸出理论研究不足、产业化进展缓慢等挑战。建议重点完善浸出理论、优化工艺条件、确定关键参数、进一步验证等工作,以推进抛光粉废料中稀土回收的产业化。Polishing powder wastes often contains 10.31%-86.93%of rare earth elements,so it is economically feasible to make secondary recovery.This paper provides an overview and summary on the existing rare earth recovery methods,including alkali roasting-acid leaching separation,acid roasting-water leaching separation,acid leaching-alkaline washing,and acid leaching-reduction synergistic methods,from the perspectives of their principle,process,and parameters.It is indicated that both the acid roasting-water leaching and acid leaching-reduction synergistic methods can achieve a rare earth recovery rate of over 98%,offering relatively simple and environmentally friendly process.However,these two methods face challenges such as limited process versatility,insufficient research on leaching mechanism,and slow progress toward industrialization.It is recommended that researchers focus on improving the theoretical understanding of leaching,optimizing process conditions,and identifying key parameters to further verify the methods,thereby advancing the industrialization of rare earth recovery from polishing powder wastes.

关 键 词：稀土抛光粉废料 稀土元素 浸出 回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]