纤维板中气味物质的化学组成、气味特征和风险值分析  

Chemical composition,odor characterization and risk value analysis of odor compounds from fiberboards

作　　者：杨芳 邹献武[1] 朱黎明 YANG Fang;ZOU Xianwu;ZHU Liming(Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第S01期615-626,共12页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200704)。

摘　　要：在系统分析纤维板中气味物质化学组成的基础上,通过测定和收集这些气味物质的嗅阈值(odor threshold,OT)和最低关注浓度值(lowest concentration of interest,LCI)数据,计算和评估各个气味物质的气味活度值和风险值,以此为高风险和刺激性气味物质的治理明确治理对象,提供治理依据。研究结果表明,纤维板中释放较多的气味物质是苯系物、萜烯类化合物、乙酸、己醛等小分子物质。虽然乙酸(强烈、刺鼻、类似醋的气味),丙酸(辛辣醋味),苯乙烯(刺鼻的类似橡胶味),对、间二甲苯(刺激性芳香味),1-丁醇(酒精辛辣味),邻二甲苯(刺激性芳香味),苯甲醛(苦杏仁味),糠醛(似苯甲醛的特殊气味)等组分具有刺激性的气味,但是气味活度值大于1的主要是己醛、壬醛、辛醛、庚醛等醛类化合物和长叶烯、α-蒎烯等萜烯类物质。对醛类、萜烯类这些物质的减控治理是降低纤维板气味的主要途径。气味物质的风险值既与其释放量大小有关,也与其LCI值有关。虽然纤维板气味物质中含有2-甲基萘、二甲苯等中低毒性物质,但是这些物质的风险值都远小于1。In order to clarify the treatment target for high-risk and pungent odor substances,the odor threshold(OT)and the lowest concentration of interest(LCI)data were measured and collected,and the odor activity value(OAV)and risk value(R)were calculated and evaluated,based on the systematic analysis of odor substances in fiberboards.The results showed that benzene series,terpenes,acetic acid,hexaldehydes and other small molecules were the most odor substances released in fiberboards.Although acetic acid(strong,pungent,similar smell to vinegar),propionic acid(spicy vinegar odor),styrene(pungent,similar smell to rubber),p-,m-xylene(irritating aromatic odor),1-butanol(alcohol spicy odor),o-xylene(irritating aromatic odor),benzaldehyde(bitter almond odor),and furfural(similar smell to benzaldehyde)had irritating odor,the main odor substances(OAV>1)werealdehydes such as hexanal,nonanal,pentanal,and heptanal,and terpenes such as longifolene andα-pinene.The reduction of aldehydes and terpenes was the main way to reduce the pungent odor of fiberboards.The risk value of odor substances was related to both the amount of release and the LCI value.Although fiberboards contained low and medium toxic substances such as 2-methylnaphthalene and xylene,the risk values of these substances were far less than 1.

关 键 词：纤维板 气味物质 化学组成 气味活度值 风险值 

分 类 号：TQ351[化学工程]