胺吸收剂逃逸引发的大气气相反应进展  

Advances in atmospheric gas-phase reactions initiated by amine absorbent escape

作　　者：陆诗建 祝文举 刘玲[1,2] 康国俊 陈思铭[1] LU Shijian;ZHU Wenju;LIU Ling;KANG Guojun;CHEN Siming(Carbon Neutral Research Institute,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;School of Chemical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学碳中和研究院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第11期6397-6411,共15页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XJ2022000501);江苏省科技厅科技项目-碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022613)。

摘　　要：碳捕集化学吸收技术是目前最具潜力的减少发电厂及其他使用化石燃料行业CO_(2)排放的技术,但碳捕集化学吸收系统带来的胺吸收剂逃逸排放会引发一系列大气化学反应。碳捕集化学系统运行中胺吸收剂会以液滴、气态、气溶胶颗粒形式排向大气进而引发大气气相反应。胺吸收剂与OH自由基反应主要涉及—CH_(2)基团、C—H键之间的H-抽提反应,少量在N—H键之间发生,极少部分在—OH基团之间发生,生成亚胺、醛类等;与Cl自由基反应涉及—CH_(2)基团、—NH_(2)基团、—OH基团,生成氮氧化物、HCl等;与NO_(x)反应包含氨基或烷基的抽氢反应,与不饱和化合物的加成反应生成硝酸、硝胺、亚硝胺等。胺与臭氧的反应主要产生酰胺、异氰酸、亚硝基化合物等。这些化合物对大气环境和人体健康都具有潜在的危害,可能对空气质量和生态系统造成严重影响,甚至引发癌症等健康问题。国内外对碳捕集排放限值皆有规定,但对总胺排放限定缺乏标准。尽管胺排放控制取得一些进展,但小颗粒气溶胶的脱除效率低、适用局限、工艺复杂、能耗高等问题亟待解决。Carbon capture chemical absorption(CCA)is currently the most promising technology for reducing CO_(2) emissions from power plants and other fossil fuel-using industries,but fugitive emissions of amine absorbents from CCA systems can trigger a range of atmospheric chemical reactions.During the operation of CCS,the amine absorbent is emitted into the atmosphere in the form of liquid droplets,gaseous and aerosol particles,and thus triggering atmospheric gas-phase reactions.The reaction between amine absorbent and OH radical mainly involves—CH_(2) group and H-extraction reaction between C—H bonds.A small amount occurs between N—H bonds,and a very small portion occurs between—OH groups,generating imines,aldehydes,etc.The reaction with Cl radical involves—CH_(2) group,—NH_(2) group and—OH group,generating nitrogen oxides,HCl,etc.The reaction with NO_(x) includes the extraction of amino or alkyl groups.Hydrogen reaction,and the addition reaction with unsaturated compounds to generate nitric acid,nitramine,nitrosamines,etc.The reaction between amines and ozone mainly produces amides,isocyanates,nitroso compounds and so on.These compounds are potentially harmful to both the atmospheric environment and human health,and may cause serious impacts on air quality and ecosystems,and even health problems such as cancer.There are domestic and international regulations on carbon capture emission limits and few total amine emission limits.Although some progress has been made in the control of amine emissions,the problems of low removal efficiency,limited applicability,process complexity and high energy consumption of small particle aerosols need to be solved.

关 键 词：碳捕集 化学吸收 胺吸收剂 大气反应 光化学 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]