辽宁省马牙类林下山参群落结构特征与种间关系分析  

Analysis on Community Structure Characteristics and the Relationship between the Herb Dominance of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Community in the Eastern of Liaoning Province

作　　者：李佳颖 张建逵[1] 于淼 刘银磊 孙智 LI Jiaying;ZHANG Jiankui;YU Miao;LIU Yinlei;SUN Zhi(College of Pharmacy,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Dalian 116600,Liaoning,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(Dexing)Experimental Training Base,Dexing 334213,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁中医药大学药学院,辽宁大连116600 [2]中国中医科学院(德兴)试验培训基地,江西德兴334213

出　　处：《辽宁中医药大学学报》2024年第12期82-88,共7页Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金(中医药事业传承与发展部分)“全国中药资源普查项目”(财社〔2019〕39号)。

摘　　要：目的为促进辽宁省林下山参资源的可持续发展及种植基地科学选址和管理提供科学依据。方法采用样地调查法和数量生态学方法对辽宁省14个马牙类林下山参群落现状进行全面调查和分析,研究辽宁省马牙类林下山参群落的组成、结构、种间关系及生态位特征,调查辽宁省林下山参资源现状。结果在所调查的群落中,人参的生态位宽度在多数群落中是最大的;人参种群在12个群落中属于进攻发展性种群;林下山参群落种间总体关联性较弱,种间关系中负相关和负关联种对占比较多,种间联结较为松散;调查的林下山参群落都处于不稳定状态。结论不同的群落中林下山参与其所在群落中的草本物种关联性差异较大,在栽培基地选址时应当合理选择植物群落;定期的群落调查可以监测人参种群的状态,及时进行适当的管理;部分群落演替趋势明显,群落稳定性较差,这与种植管理中过度清除杂草、灌木有关,建议种植过程中,要避免过度去除灌木、杂草,避免采挖后群落稳定性和物种多样性骤然降低,影响林地的生态恢复。Objective To provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development of mountain-cultivated ginseng resources and for the scientific selection of location and management of cultivation bases in Liaoning province.Methods A comprehensive survey and analysis were conducted using plot survey and quantitative ecology methods to assess the current status of 14 Maya mountain-cultivated ginseng communities in Liaoning province.The composition,structure,interspecific relationships,and niche characteristics of Maya mountain-cultivated ginseng communities in Liaoning province were examined.To investigate the current situation of mountain-cultivated ginseng resources in Liaoning province.Results Among the communities surveyed,the niche breadth of ginseng was the largest in most communities;the ginseng population belonged to an expanding and developing population in 12 communities;The overall association among species in the mountain-cultivated ginseng communities was weak,with a relatively high proportion of negatively correlated species pairs,indicating a loose interspecific association.the surveyed mountain-cultivated ginseng communities were all in an unstable state.Conclusion There are significant differences in the association relationship between mountain-cultivated ginseng and herbaceous species in different communities.When selecting the location of cultivation bases,plant communities should be reasonably selected;regular community surveys can monitor the status of ginseng populations and carry out appropriate management in a timely manner;some communities have obvious succession trends and poor community stability,which is related to excessive removal of weeds and shrubs in planting management.To prevent sudden decreases in community stability and species diversity following harvesting,which can hinder the ecological restoration of the forest,it is recommended to avoid excessive removal of shrubs and weeds during the planting phase.

关 键 词：林下山参 群落结构 种间关系 群落演替 群落稳定性 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]