期望与失望的辩证法:马克思恩格斯对英国工人革命性的分析  

The Dialectics of Expectation and Disappointment:Marx and Engels’Analy⁃sis of the Revolutionary Nature of British Workers

作　　者：刘明明 程榕 LIU Mingming;CHENG Rong

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期5-15,共11页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金思政专项“高校思想政治理论课教学质量提升研究”(23VSZ084)。

摘　　要：马克思恩格斯基于不同的历史条件,对欧洲社会主义革命爆发的地点与时机做出过不同的预判,这一点在他们对英国工人革命性的阐述上体现得尤为明显。从将英国视为社会主义革命成功的关键,到英国工人阶级的“资产阶级化”,再到英国工人力量重返世界舞台,马克思主义经典作家对英国工人革命性的态度,经历了从期望到失望、再到重燃希望的转变历程。马克思恩格斯对英国这一典型发达资本主义国家的工人革命性问题的分析,有其特定的历史限度,且关涉着马克思主义的社会主义革命发生论问题。梳理这一发展理路,对于我们科学理解和理性看待为何发达国家不容易爆发社会主义革命、经济相对落后国家反倒率先爆发社会主义革命的问题,从而辩证看待世界社会主义运动的高潮与低谷,以及坚持和巩固马克思主义在国际共产主义运动中的指导地位,具有重要的现实意义。Marx and Engels’predictions about the location and timing of the outbreak of European socialist revolution varies in different historical conditions,which is particularly evident in their exposition of the revolutionary nature of British workers.From viewing Britain as the key to the success of the socialist revolution,to the“bourgeoisification”of the British working class,and then to the return of British workers’power to the world stage,Marx and Engels’attitude towards the revolutionary nature of the British workers underwent a transformation from expectation to disappointment,and then to renewed hope.Marx and Engels’analysis of the revolutionary nature of workers in Britain,a typical developed capitalist country,has its specific historical limits and is related to the issue of Marxist theory on the occurrence of socialist revolution.Clarifying the developmental trajectory is of great practical significance and enlightenment value for us to scientifically understand and rationally view why the developed coun-tries are not prone to the outbreak of socialist revolution and why countries with relatively backward economy are the first to break out of the socialist revolution,so as to dialectically regard the highs and lows of the world socialist movement and uphold and con-solidate the guiding position of Marxism in the international communist movement.

关 键 词：英国工人阶级 革命性 社会主义革命 国际共产主义运动 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]