中西史学专业化道路之比较研究论纲  

An Outline of Comparative Study on the Professionalization Paths of Chi⁃nese and Western Historiography

作　　者：徐善伟 张欣蕊 XU Shanwei;ZHANG Xinrui

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期50-62,共13页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：中西史学都是通过将“求真”这一本质属性置于至上地位而实现其专业化的。基于“求真”之理念,中国汉唐时期与西方古典时代的史学在诞生之后走向初步成熟。即便在“义理为先”的中国宋元时期、明代前期与“神学至上”的拉丁西方中世纪时代,中西史学家仍强调“求真”的重要性,并推动了历史考据学等“求真”方法的出现。中国明代中后期、清代初期与西方的博学时代催生了一种博学和考实求信之风,历史考证方法开始比较广泛应用于史学研究,为史学专业化奠定了学术根基。在18世纪,乾嘉史学与哥廷根历史学派引领了中西史学第一波专业化浪潮。自18世纪末期至20世纪初期,西方各国陆续实现了史学的专业化。在20世纪前期西学东渐的背景下,中国史学家继承了乾嘉史学的优良传统,吸收了近现代西方史学理论和方法,实现了史学专业化。在此过程中,中国史学在诸多方面走在世界史学的前列。可以说,中西史学虽然分途发展,但二者的专业化发展却有着大致相同的内在理路。Both Chinese and Western historiography achieve their professionalization by placing the essential attribute of“seeking truth”at the supreme position.Based on the concept of“seeking truth”,the historiography of China during the Han and Tang dynasties and that of the Western classical era both moved towards initial maturity after their inception.Even during the Song and Yuan dynasties in China,where“principle and reason”took precedence,and the early Ming dynasty,as well as the Latin Western Middle Ages where“theology was supreme”,historians in both China and the West still emphasized the impor-tance of“seeking truth”and promoted the emergence of“seeking truth”methods such as historical textual criticism.The mid-to-late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty in China,along with The Age of Erudition in the West,gave rise to a trend of exten-sive learning and the pursuit of factual verification.The methods of historical textual criticism began to be widely applied in his-torical research,laying the academic foundation for the professionalization of historiography.In the 18th century,the Qianlong-Jiaqing historiography and the Göttingen Historical School opened the first wave of professionalization in Chinese and Western his-toriography.From the late 18th century to the early 20th century,various Western countries successively achieved the profession-alization of historiography.In the background of Western learning spreading to the East in the early 20th century,Chinese histori-ans inherited the fine traditions of Qian-Jia historiography,absorbed modern Western historical theories and methods,and real-ized the professionalization of historiography.In this process,Chinese historiography has been at the forefront of world historiogra-phy in many aspects.It can be said that although Chinese and Western historiography developed along different paths,their pro-fessionalization development followed roughly the same internal logic.

关 键 词：史学专业化 比较研究 乾嘉史学 哥廷根历史学派 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]