地铁车辆牵引能耗特征与节能技术分析  

Analysis of energy consumption characteristics and energy-saving technologies for traction system of metro trains

作　　者：杨旭生 何涛 周霜 YANG Xusheng;HE Tao;ZHOU Shuang(Operation Branch,Nanchang Rail Transit Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330038,China;Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412001,China;CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌轨道交通集团运营分公司,江西南昌330038 [2]株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司,湖南株洲412001 [3]中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《机车电传动》2024年第5期47-53,共7页Electric Drive for Locomotives

摘　　要：随着地铁建设规模的增大,地铁列车能耗呈现逐年攀升趋势,研究列车能耗影响因素和节能措施尤为重要。基于地铁列车运营能耗和客流量等数据,文章从载客量、平均站间距、工作日与假期、季节变化等不同维度分析了车辆牵引用能特征,结合系统能耗仿真计算,分析了不同载荷、不同站间距对列车能耗的影响,为地铁列车节能高效运行提供参考。结果表明,相同旅行速度下,载荷越大,每公里列车能耗越大,每公里每吨列车能耗会先减小再增大,站间距越短,每公里每吨列车能耗越高,而温度对辅助能耗影响明显。基于列车能耗影响因素分析,分别从牵引系统、辅助系统、车地协同等方面进行了节能技术研究。案例结果表明,在能量回馈良好情况下,永磁牵引技术可以实现列车能耗降低30%左右,结合双向变流和能量运控技术,可实现系统能耗降低6%以上,达到从供电至车辆能量流高效利用的目的,为地铁运营模式改进及地铁列车设计优化提供节能技术参考。As metro construction expands in scale,the energy consumption of metro trains has been rising year by year,underscor-ing the importance of analyzing the factors that affect train energy consumption and developing energy-saving measures.Based on data of metro trains such as operational energy consumption and passenger flow,this study analyzed the energy consumption characteristics of train traction by considering various dimensions,including passenger loads,average station spacing,workdays and holidays,and sea-sonal changes.By combining simulation calculations of system energy consumption,the impact of different loads and station spacing on train energy consumption was examined,providing a reference for the energy-efficient operation of metro trains.The results showed that,at a constant travel speed,energy consumption per kilometer of train operation increased with rising load,while energy consumption per ton per kilometer first decreased and then increased.Shortened station spacing led to higher energy consumption per ton per kilometer of train operation.Additionally,temperature was found to significantly impact auxiliary energy consumption.Based on the analysis of fac-tors affecting train energy consumption,this study explored energy-saving technologies in various areas,such as traction systems,auxili-ary systems,and vehicle-ground coordination.Case studies demonstrate that,under good energy feedback conditions,permanent magnet traction technology achieves a train energy consumption reduction by about 30%.Furthermore,with the additional support of bidirection-al converters and energy utilization control technologies,system energy consumption decreased by more than 6%,reflecting the efficient utilization of energy flow from the power supply to the vehicles.The study findings provide a technical reference for improving metro operation modes and optimizing the design of metro trains in terms of energy savings.

关 键 词：地铁能耗 能耗特征 牵引系统 节能技术 永磁电机 城市轨道交通 

分 类 号：U268.6[机械工程—车辆工程] U231[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]