Response to climate warming of winter wheat varieties bred across different eras in the North China Plain  

作　　者：Zhaoyang JIANG Shibo FANG Dong WU Xin LIU Huarong ZHAO Jie GUO Xinru ZHANG Yongchao ZHU Xuan LI Yingjie WU Dingrong WU 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China [2]College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China [3]Raoyang National Climate Observatory,Hengshui 053900,China [4]Meteorological Observation Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China [5]Meteorological Data Center,Shandong Meteorological Bureau,Jinan 250031,China

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2024年第12期3855-3867,共13页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0122200);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42075193)。

摘　　要：By the 2000s,the winter wheat regions in the North China Plain had undergone six major variety renewals.It is crucial to know how the winter wheat varieties bred across different eras respond to climate change,especially climate warming.From 2017 to 2022,we conducted a two-factor,two-level field experiment at Gucheng and Raoyang,with a temperature difference of 1℃existing between the two sites.The experiment used ten winter wheat varieties bred from the 1960s to the 2000s and included both fertilization and no fertilization treatments.The experiment aimed to separate the effects of warming and fertilization on the growth and development of the winter wheat varieties,thereby revealing the differences in their responses to warming.All the winter wheat varieties across different eras had higher yields in warmer environments.By separating the effects of warming and fertilization,the rate of yield increase decreased with the breeding eras of varieties due to the impact of warming alone.However,it still increased with the eras due to the combined effects of warming and fertilization.For varieties from the 1980s and 2000s,there is a strong correlation between higher fertility and warmer climate adaptability.Warming has a yield gain effect,significantly amplifying the yield increase under fertilization for the middle and late varieties.Therefore,the average yield increase for varieties from the 2000s reached 67%in warmer environments.Warming has increased the average daily minimum temperature during the winter wheat growing season.It has significantly reduced the number of days below zero degrees Celsius,shortening the overwintering stage and thereby shortening the growth period of winter wheat.However,the effective developmental days(>0℃days)maintained a consistent level.Warming promotes the development of large tillers,increases leaf area and dry matter accumulation,and reduces the ratio of sterile spikelets.The varieties from the 2000s had the lowest ratio of sterile spikelets and the highest harvest index(HI)in w

关 键 词：Climate warming Winter wheat varieties BREEDING FERTILIZATION RESPONSE 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S512.11[农业科学—作物学]