猴痘病毒mRNA疫苗的研发进展  

Advancements in the development of mRNA vaccine against monkeypox virus

作　　者：刘欣悦 胡泊 樊渝川 翁郁华 黄渊余 杨明辉 Xinyue Liu;Bo Hu;Yuchuan Fan;Yuhua Weng;Yuanyu Huang;Minghui Yang(School of Medical Technology,Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science,School of Life Science,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学医学技术学院,前沿交叉科学研究院,生命学院,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第33期4789-4794,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2606004);中国博士后科学基金(2022M720438)资助。

摘　　要：猴痘病毒(monkeypox virus, MPXV)属于正痘病毒科正痘病毒属,是一种双链DNA病毒. 2022年7月,猴痘病毒的全球流行使得世界卫生组织将其定义为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(public health emergency of international concern, PHEIC).猴痘病毒与天花病毒具有高度的同源性和较强的传染性,然而目前并没有针对猴痘病毒的疫苗被批准应用. mRNA疫苗技术是一种新型的疫苗形式,其相关修饰技术于2023年荣获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,相较于传统疫苗其具有更好的免疫保护效果.本文概述了猴痘病毒mRNA疫苗的研发进展并讨论了猴痘mRNA疫苗的潜在挑战和未来发展方向,以期为进一步推动这一研究领域的发展提供参考.Monkeypox virus(MPXV)is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family under the Orthopoxvirus genus.It is one of the four pathogenic viruses for humans in this genus,along with Variola,Vaccinia,and Cowpox viruses.It was first isolated from monkeys in Copenhagen in 1958.The first human case of the disease was reported in 1970 in a 9-month-old infant in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC).Since May 2022,a series of Monkeypox cases have been reported in the United Kingdom,Portugal,and Italy,with instances of human-to-human transmission,raising concerns.On July 23,2022,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the Monkeypox outbreak a“Public Health Emergency of International Concern”(PHEIC).Currently,two smallpox vaccines have been approved by the United States of America,namely,the ACAM2000 and the JYNNEOS vaccines.Despite the fact that it has been validated for efficacy in protecting against Monkeypox virus infection in animal trials,reports have suggested that it may cause adverse reactions in humans after vaccination.This highlights the need to develop a safe and effective monkeypox vaccine in order to address the ongoing global pandemic.mRNA vaccines have gained popularity in recent years due to their success in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic,offering superior immunity protection compared to conventional vaccines.Consequently,it provides an important foundation for the development of mRNA vaccines for the Monkeypox virus.The world’s first mRNA vaccine for Monkeypox was successfully developed in China,demonstrating excellent immune protection across three different mRNA antigen combinations.Other research teams have also engineered multivalent Monkeypox mRNA vaccines,effectively resisting mouse mortality caused by Vaccinia virus infection.The application of Monkeypox mRNA vaccines has shown promising safety profiles at the animal level,paving the way for potential vaccine application.Moreover,BioNTech has initiated clinical trials(NCT05988203)for its mRNA vaccines BNT166a and BNT1

关 键 词：猴痘病毒 mRNA疫苗 PHEICs 脂质纳米颗粒 痘苗病毒 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]