虫媒正黄病毒mRNA疫苗研究进展  

mRNA vaccines against arthropod-borne orthofaviviruses

作　　者：王族馨 迟航 邓永强 韩晓东[1] Zuxin Wang;Hang Chi;Yongqiang Deng;Xiaodong Han(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity,Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010011 [2]中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院微生物流行病研究所,病原微生物生物安全国家重点实验室,北京100071

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第33期4845-4857,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2302405);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022SHZR1769)资助。

摘　　要：虫媒正黄病毒种类多、传播快、致病强,长期严重威胁公共卫生安全,目前仍然缺乏针对正黄病毒的特异性治疗手段.疫苗接种是防控正黄病毒传播和感染的重要手段,多种制备技术生产的传统疫苗在黄热病毒、日本发脑炎病毒、森林脑炎病毒和登革病毒的防控中发挥了关键性作用.然而,这些疫苗在安全性和免疫效力上仍有待进一步提高和完善.值得注意的是,在新型冠状病毒大流行的背景下,可快速制备的mRNA疫苗成为了应对新突发传染病的关键疫苗技术,必将极大地助力快速研发安全、高效的正黄病毒疫苗,为未来正黄病毒的科学防控奠定基础.为此,本文首先对mRNA疫苗的分子基础和作用机制进行了总结.然后,着重介绍了几种正黄病毒的生物学特征和流行情况,以及针对这些病毒的mRNA疫苗研究现状.最后,对合成生物学、核苷酸修饰技术和新型递送系统在未来mRNA疫苗研发中的作用进行了归纳,以期为未来快速研发高效、安全的正黄病毒mRNA疫苗提供研究思路和技术指导.Arthropod-borne orthoflaviviruses,a group of single-stranded,positive-sense RNA viruses,are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of mosquitoes or ticks.These viruses are significant human and veterinary pathogens,capable of causing severe and widespread diseases,including encephalitis,microcephaly,hepatitis,and arthritis.Orthoflaviviruses predominantly affect tropical and subtropical regions,putting over 3 billion individuals at risk of outbreaks.Historically,conventional vaccines,such as live attenuated and inactivated vaccines,have provided durable protection against various orthoflaviviruses,including yellow fever virus,tick-borne encephalitis virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,and dengue virus.These vaccines are critical tools for preventing millions of illnesses and saving numerous lives annually.However,the safety profiles and immunogenicities of these existing vaccines require ongoing enhancement and refinement.The advent of mRNA vaccines represents a promising alternative to conventional vaccines.mRNA vaccines utilize messenger RNA(mRNA)to instruct the body to produce virus-specific proteins.These proteins can mimic those of the virus,triggering the immune system to produce viral specific B cell and Tcell responses capable of combating the real virus upon exposure.Over the past decade,major technological innovations and research investments have enabled mRNA vaccines to emerge as powerful immune efficacy compared to conventional vaccines.Importantly,they can offer several advantages over conventional vaccines,including high potency,proven safety and efficacy,rapid clinical development,and cost-effective manufacturing potential.These benefits make mRNA vaccines a significant tool in accelerating the development of safe and potent vaccines against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.Notably,during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic,the mRNA-1273 vaccine developed by Moderna and the BNT162b mRNAvaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration.Additiona

关 键 词：虫媒正黄病毒 mRNA疫苗 体液免疫 细胞免疫 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]