工业大模型:体系架构、关键技术与典型应用  

Industrial foundation model:architecture,key technologies,and typical applications

作　　者：任磊[1] 王海腾 董家宝 贾子翟 李世祥 王宇清 赖李媛君[1] 黄迪[2] 张霖[1] 吴文峻[3] 李伯虎[1] Lei REN;Haiteng WANG;Jiabao DONG;Zidi JIA;Shixiang LI;Yuqing WANG;Yuanjun LAILI;Di HUANG;Lin ZHANG;Wenjun WU;Bohu LI(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Computer Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Artificial Intelligence,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学计算机学院,北京100191 [3]北京航空航天大学人工智能学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科学：信息科学》2024年第11期2606-2622,共17页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2023YFB3308000);国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号:62225302);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(批准号:92167108);国家自然科学基金青年学生基础研究项目(批准号:623B2014)资助。

摘　　要：随着新一代人工智能的发展,大模型(如GPT-4o等)凭借大规模训练数据、网络参数和算力涌现出强大的生成能力、泛化能力和自然交互能力,展现出改变工业世界的巨大潜力.尽管大模型已在自然语言等多个领域取得突破性进展,但其在工业应用中的探索仍处于初级阶段,当前工业大模型的系统性研究仍属空白.工业应用中特有的异质数据模态、复杂多样的专业化场景、长流程的关联性决策、以及对于可信性实时性的高要求,使得通用大模型无法直接用于解决复杂的工业问题,亟需开展全新的工业大模型基础理论和关键技术研究.本文系统地探讨了工业大模型的挑战问题、概念内涵、体系架构、构建方法、关键技术与典型应用.从5个挑战问题的分析出发,提出了工业大模型的全新定义和体系架构;同时,提出了工业大模型的四阶段构建方法,阐述了工业大模型核心关键技术;然后,基于所提出的工业大模型6种核心应用能力,探讨了面向产品全生命周期的工业大模型典型应用场景,并给出了“基石”工业大模型原型系统在生成式人工智能方面的应用实例;最后,探讨和展望了工业大模型未来的研究方向和开放性问题.本文将为工业大模型这一全新研究方向的开辟与发展,提供基础理论、关键技术和行业应用的全面指导.With the development of the new generation of artificial intelligence,foundation models(such as GPT-4o),leveraging extensive training data,parameters,and computational power,have emerged unique generative capabilities,generalization ability,and natural interaction skills,showcasing tremendous potential to transform industrial production processes.However,despite significant advancements in various fields,such as natural language processing,the exploration of foundation models in industrial applications remains in its infancy.There is a lack of systematic research on industrial foundation models.Industrial applications have unique characteristics,such as heterogeneous cross-modal data,complex and diverse specialized scenarios,long-process integrative decision-making,and high demands for reliability and real-time performance.Generalized foundation models are not directly applicable to solving complex industrial problems.Therefore,there is an urgent need for new research on the basic theories and key technologies of industrial foundation models.This paper systematically discusses the challenging issues,concepts,architecture,construction methods,key technologies,and typical applications of industrial foundation models.It analyzes five key challenges and proposes a new definition and system architecture for industrial foundation models.Additionally,it outlines a four-stage construction method and elaborates on the key technologies of the industrial foundation model.Then,based on the six core application capabilities of the proposed industrial foundation model,the paper explores typical application scenarios of the industrial foundation model for the entire life cycle and provides examples of the application of the industrial foundation model prototype system in generative artificial intelligence.Finally,the paper discusses future research directions and openness issues of the industrial foundation model,aiming to provide comprehensive guidance on the basic theories,key technologies,and industrial applications for the

关 键 词：工业大模型 工业基础模型 生成式人工智能 具身智能 工业智能体 智能制造 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]