基于分子标记技术构建黄瓜高通量分子育种体系  

Constructing a High-Throughput Molecular Breeding System for Cucumber Based on Molecular Marker Technology

作　　者：陈宸 杨侃侃 陈娟 刘晓虹[1] 陈惠明[1] 周赓 CHEN Chen;YANG Kankan;CHEN Juan;LIU Xiaohong;CHEN Huiming;ZHOU Geng(Hunan Vegetable Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Long Ping Branch,Graduate School of Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院,湖南省蔬菜研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2024年第4期13-20,共8页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22A20498);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2024JJ6280);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX03、2024CX92)。

摘　　要：【目的】在黄瓜育种中,苦味和空心都是影响商品品质的重要因素。本研究针对调控苦味和空心的主效基因拟开发分子标记,并在此基础上建立两套精准且高效的分子育种技术体系。【方法】一是采用果实逆境下不苦的Bt新等位基因bt-2及其相关分子标记,结合Bi基因分子标记进行黄瓜的前景选择;二是利用CsALMT2基因上能够导致750份黄瓜重测序资源中14.27%的果实空心性状的SNP28756924开发分子标记,并进行KASP基因分型和田间表型验证。【结果】叶苦果不苦黄瓜双分子标记的高通量筛选显著提高了无苦味黄瓜株系的育种效率,选择准确率达96.87%;果实不空心分子标记的验证结果准确,表明该标记能够在苗期对黄瓜果实空心性状进行辅助选育。【结论】创建了叶苦果不苦和果实不空心黄瓜的高通量分子育种体系。与传统的苦味和空心检测方法相比,这两套体系具备高准确性、便捷性和高通量筛选的优势,加速了无苦味和不空心黄瓜的育种进程。【Objective】In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)breeding,both bitterness and hollow heart are important factors affecting commercial quality.This study focuses on developing molecular markers for the key genes regulating bitterness and hollow heart,on which two precise and efficient molecular breeding technology systems are established.【Method】Firstly,the new Bt allele bt-2 which not causing bitterness under adverse conditions,and its related molecular markers were combined with Bi gene molecular markers for the prospective selection of cucumbers.Secondly,molecular markers were developed using SNP28756924 on the CsALMT2 gene,which leading to 14.27%of the hollow fruit traits in 750 cucumber resequencing resources.KASP genotyping and field phenotype validation were then conducted.【Result】The high-throughput screening of molecular markers for bitter leaves and non-bitter fruits in cucumbers has significantly improved the breeding efficiency of bitter-free cucumber strains,with a selection accuracy rate of 96.87%.The verification results of the non-hollow molecular marker in the fruit are accurate,indicating that this marker can assist in the selection of hollow traits in cucumber fruit during the seedling stage.【Conclusion】Two high-throughput molecular breeding systems were created for cucumber with bitter leaves and non-bitter fruits,and non-hollow fruits.Compared to traditional methods of detecting bitterness and hollowness,these two systems have the advantages of high accuracy,convenience,and high-throughput screening,accelerating the breeding process of bitter-free and non-hollow cucumbers.

关 键 词：黄瓜 叶苦果不苦 果实不空心 分子标记 高通量分子育种 

分 类 号：Q783[生物学—分子生物学] S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]