纳米零价铁和硝化抑制剂在不同灌溉条件下对土壤-作物系统的影响  

Effects of Nano Zero-Valent Iron and Nitrification Inhibitors on Soil-Crop Systems under Different Irrigation Conditions

作　　者：唐文会 周民哲 马彬 陈法霖[1,2] 黄振蓉 张满云 TANG Wenhui;ZHOU Minzhe;MA Bin;CHEN Falin;HUANG Zhenrong;ZHANG Manyun(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410000,China,2.Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Rural Ecosystem,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,湖南长沙410000 [2]洞庭湖区农村生态系统健康湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《湖南生态科学学报》2024年第4期30-40,共11页Journal of Hunan Ecological Science

基　　金：湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2023059-43);湖南省科技特派员服务乡村振兴项目(2024RC8269);国家自然科学基金(42177026);湖南农业大学青年学者科学基金(540742000199);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20230688);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2023JJ40314);长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208067)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨纳米零价铁(nZVI)和硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)在自来水和废水灌溉条件下对小白菜(Brassica rapa var.chinensis)土壤-植物系统的影响,以期优化农业灌溉和氮肥管理。【方法】通过盆栽实验设置了八个处理,分别在自来水和稻鱼养殖废水灌溉条件下施用nZVI和DMPP,测定小白菜的产量、品质、抗性指标以及土壤的非生物特性、酶活性和氮转化速率,计算了土壤-植物系统多功能性。【结果】在不同的灌溉条件下,施用nZVI在一定程度上均能提高小白菜的产量。施用DMPP、nZVI能够降低小白菜的硝酸盐含量,且在自来水灌溉下效果最好。在不同灌溉条件下,无论是单独施用DMPP或者与nZVI联合均能提高酸性土壤pH。DMPP和nZVI联合施用显著降低土壤NO-3-N含量,增加土壤NH+4-N含量。在自来水灌溉条件下,施用nZVI增加了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、几丁质酶、酸性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶活性,但在废水灌溉中nZVI和DMPP对土壤酶活的影响不明显。在自来水灌溉条件下,施用nZVI和DMPP在一定程度上均能提高系统多功能性。而在废水灌溉条件下,只有单独施用nZVI才能在一定程度上增加系统多功能性。【结论】nZVI和DMPP在自来水灌溉条件下通过增加土壤酶活性,提高土壤质量,优化土壤环境,提高了小白菜的产量和品质,而废水中的复杂成分可能抑制了DMPP的有效性。在实际农业生产中,应根据灌溉水源的不同,合理选择和施用nZVI和DMPP,以提高作物产量和品质,改善土壤健康和土壤-植物系统多功能性。【Objective】This study aims to explore the effects of nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)and the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)on the soil-crop systems of Brassica rapa var.chinensis under tap water and wastewater irrigation conditions,to optimize agricultural irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management.【Method】A pot experiment was conducted with eight treatments,involving the application of nZVI and DMPP under tap water and rice-fish symbiosis wastewater irrigation conditions.Parameters such as yield,quality,resistance indicator of Brassica rapa var.chinensis,abiotic property,enzyme activity,nitrogen transformation rate of the soil,and the soil-plant system multifunctionality were measured.【Result】Under different irrigation conditions,the application of nZVI improved the Brassica rapa var.chinensis yield to some extent.The applications of DMPP and nZVI reduced the nitrate content in Brassica rapa var.chinensis,with the best results under tap water irrigation.Application of DMPP alone or in combination with nZVI increased the acidic soil pH under different irrigation conditions.The combined applications of DMPP and nZVI significantly reduced soil NO-3-N content and increased soil NH+4-N content.Under tap water irrigation,nZVI increased soilβ-glucosidase,chitinase,acid phosphatase,and arylsulfatase activities,but nZVI and DMPP had no significant effects on soil enzyme activities under wastewater irrigation.Under tap water irrigation,the applications of the nZVI and DMPP improved system multifunctionality to some extent,however,under wastewater irrigation,only the alone application of nZVI increased system multifunctionality to a certain degree.【Conclusion】Under tap water irrigation,nZVI and DMPP improved the Brassica rapa var.chinensis yield and quality,enhanced soil quality,and optimized soil environment by increasing soil enzyme activities.The complex components in wastewater might inhibit the effectiveness of DMPP.In practical agricultural production,nZVI and DMPP should

关 键 词：小白菜 纳米零价铁 3 4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐 系统多功能性 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学] Q945[农业科学—园艺学]