我国陆区热状态及控热要素  

The thermal status of China’s land areas and heat-control factors

作　　者：王贵玲[1,2] 蔺文静 WANG Guiling;LIN Wenjing(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Technological Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shijiazhuang 050061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《地学前缘》2024年第6期1-18,共18页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB1507401);青海省清洁能源矿产专项(2022013004qj004,2023086020qj002)。

摘　　要：区域热状态代表一个地区大地热流的主要来源,解决了区域热源的基本问题,可为区域地热资源的研究提供基础背景。本文基于我国近年来开展的区域热流测量和深孔测温工作,分析了我国陆区壳幔热流比,并将我国陆区划分为壳源生热高温地热区、幔源生热中低温地热区、壳幔热源平衡低温地热区和壳幔热源平衡中高温地热区4种类型区。其中,壳源生热高温地热区位于藏南、川西、滇西,幔源生热中低温地热区主要位于松辽盆地、华北盆地、长江中下游等我国东部广大地区,壳幔热源平衡中高温地热区分布于东南沿海地区、四川盆地和云贵高原,西北广大内陆地区则属于壳幔热源平衡低温地热区。在此基础上,选择青藏高原东北部、腾冲地区、东南沿海和华北盆地等典型地热区,系统分析了区域地温场特征、热流分布、地壳热结构等盆地尺度的区域热状态和主控因素。青藏高原增厚地壳中的低速体构成了以壳源热为主的高热流异常;腾冲地区深部以局部岩浆囊形式存在的岩浆,则构成了以其为代表的近代火山区地热系统的主要控热要素;东南沿海大面积分布的高产热岩体生热构成了热流中重要的热流分量,而以华北盆地为代表的盆地基底起伏和深大断裂则控制了盆地“坳中凸”地热异常区的地温分布。最后,总结了包括壳幔架构、构造热事件、地层岩性、断裂构造等影响区域热状态的深部浅部因素,建立了控制我国陆区区域热状态的多级要素体系,为不同地区地热资源勘查和热源条件分析提供了科学依据。The thermal state of a region is crucial for understanding the main source of geothermal heat flow in the region,which help to solve the basic problem of regional heat source,and provide a basis for the study of the regional geothermal resources.Based on the regional geothermal measurements and deep borehole temperature logging carried out in China in recent years,this paper analyzes the crust-to-mantle heat flow ratio in China’s land area and divides the land area into four geothermal zonal types,namely high-temperature geothermal zone with a crustal heat source,medium-and low-temperature geothermal zone with a mantle heat source,low-temperature geothermal equilibrium zone with a crust-mantle heat source,and medium-and high-temperature geothermal equilibrium zone with a crust-mantle heat source.On this basis,typical geothermal zones—such as the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,the Tengchong area,the southeastern coastal area,and the North China Basin—are selected to systematically analyze the basin-scale regional thermal state and its main controlling factors,such as the characteristics of the regional geothermal field,the distribution of heat flow,and the crustal-mantle thermal structure.The paper summarizes the deep and shallow geologic factors affecting the regional thermal state—including crust-mantle architecture,tectono-thermal events,stratigraphic lithology,fracture structure,etc.—and establishes multilevel controlling factors of regional thermal states,providing a scientific basis for the geothermal resource exploration and heat source condition analysis in different regions.

关 键 词：大地热流 壳幔热流比 地温场特征 控热因素 

分 类 号：P314[天文地球—固体地球物理学] P641[天文地球—地球物理学]