猕猴桃育种研究进展  

Research progress in kiwifruit breeding

作　　者：齐秀娟[1,2] 王然[1] 张敏 林苗苗[1,2] 李玉阔 孙雷明[1] QI Xiujuan;WANG Ran;ZHANG Min;LIN Miaomiao;LI Yukuo;SUN Leiming(National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Zhongyuan Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453500,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室·中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡453500

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第11期2160-2172,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家农业产业技术体系(CARS-26);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-ZFRI-03)。

摘　　要：中国是绝大多数猕猴桃属种质资源的原产地,丰富的种质资源孕育了世界猕猴桃产业的发展和壮大,目前我国猕猴桃面积和产量均位居世界首位。优良品种的培育是产业高质量发展的基础,然而猕猴桃雌雄异株、倍性复杂、高度杂合、育种周期长等特征是育种的难点,特别是近些年来我国猕猴桃产区出现的土壤盐渍化以及洪涝灾害频发等问题,对育种工作者提出了新的挑战,因此培育优质、高产、抗逆新品种是突破我国猕猴桃产业发展瓶颈的关键。通过总结国内外猕猴桃引种及资源利用过程、育种途径、新品种选育目标及育成品种,论述高效育种技术开发基础以及主要存在的问题,展望了今后研究重点与方向,以期为我国猕猴桃育种工作提供参考。China is the origin of the majority of Actinidia germplasm resources,and our country's rich germplasm resources have nurtured the development and growth of the global kiwifruit industry.There are 25 countries worldwide that produce kiwifruit.The kiwifruit area and production in China rank first in the world,and China’s share of the world's total kiwifruit harvested area reaches a substantial high-land of 69.58%,while its production constitutes 52.44%of the global total production.The cultivation of superior cultivars is the foundation for the high-quality development of the industry.However,the characteristics of kiwifruit,such as dioecism(the presence of separate male and female plants),com-plex ploidy(varying numbers of chromosome sets),high heterozygosity(genetic diversity),and long breeding cycles,pose significant challenges for breeders.These biological traits make the development of new cultivars a complex and time-consuming process.In addition to these inherent challenges,recent environmental issues like soil salinization and frequent flood disasters in China’s kiwifruit production areas have presented new challenges to breeders.These environmental cues can significantly impact the growth and yield of kiwifruit,making the development of stress-resistant cultivars a priority.Cultivat-ing top-quality,high-yield and stress-resistant new cultivars is a key to breaking through the bottlenecks in the development of China’s kiwifruit industry.The industry must adapt to these challenges to ensure its continued growth and sustainability.To date,a total of 265 new cultivars have been cultivated through methods such as wild germplasm selection,seedling selection,bud mutation selection,muta-tion breeding and hybrid breeding.Moreover,in China,94.6%of kiwifruit cultivation area is planted with the cultivars developed in China with independent intellectual property rights.Molecular marker assisted selection and other high efficiency breeding technologies have begun to be applied in kiwifruit,representing a step for

关 键 词：猕猴桃 品种 种质资源 高效育种技术 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]