不同杀菌剂对猕猴桃软腐病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)的防治效果评价  

Control efficacy of different fungicides against kiwifruit soft rot caused

作　　者：谢文静 朱宇航 徐菁 李治菲 姚凯凯 吴翠平[1] 陈华保[1] 马苗苗 龚国淑[1] XIE Wengjing;ZHU Yuhang;XU Jing;LI Zhifei;YAO Kaikai;WU Cuiping;CHEN Huabao;MAMiao-miao;GONG Guoshu(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第11期2335-2346,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：雅安市科技计划(2018-2024)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选对猕猴桃软腐病的最佳药剂,探明猕猴桃软腐病的化学防治方法,为猕猴桃软腐病的科学防治提供依据。[方法]通过菌丝生长抑制法测定了8种杀菌剂对猕猴桃软腐病病原菌葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)的室内毒力,开展了6种杀菌剂的离体防效评价,选用毒力较强的杀菌剂评价田间和贮藏期的防治效果,并对贮藏期杀菌剂的残留量进行了安全性评价。[结果]室内毒力测定结果表明,97%咪鲜胺对病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性最强,97.5%吡唑醚菌酯最弱,EC_(50)分别为0.1349μg·m L^(-1)、9.9987μg·m L^(-1);在室内离体防效测定中,75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇水分散粒剂WG表现出较好的预防效果,防效达78.15%,而25%咪鲜胺乳油EC却表现出较好的治疗效果,防效达89.38%。田间试验中,75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇WG和42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂SC在田间喷施对软腐病的防治效果较好,防效分别为92.30%和80.90%;贮藏期防效测定中,25%咪鲜胺EC在贮藏前浸果对软腐病的防治效果较好,贮藏90 d后,防效达95.98%,并且农药残留低于最大残留限量(MRL),未出现超标。[结论]综合室内、生长期及贮藏期药效试验结果,在猕猴桃生长期田间防治中可选用肟菌酯·戊唑醇、唑醚·氟酰胺交替使用,此外在贮藏期选用咪鲜胺对果实进行浸果处理有较好的防治效果。【Objective】Kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)is becoming increasingly popular be-cause of its nutritional and delicious properties.However,kiwifruit is highly perishable after harvest and is susceptible to infection by various pathogenic microorganisms,especially Botryosphaeria do-thidea.The kiwifruit soft rot,caused by B.dothidea,spreads rapidly in confined spaces.A single dis-eased fruit easily contaminates others,causing a whole box of fruits to soften or rot quickly.In addition,fruits that appear healthy may also turn out to decay after their skins are peeled.Therefore,the loses caused by the kiwifruit soft rot is often underestimated.Currently,chemical control is the most effective approach for kiwifruit soft rot prevention and control.Nevertheless,there is limited knowledge on fun-gicides that can be applied during the growth and storage periods to prevent kiwifruit soft rot.The lack of scientific evidence for the preventive use of fungicides has led to insufficient recommendations,widespread misuse and abuse of these chemicals.Therefore,we aimed at identifying high-efficiency,low-toxicity and low-residue fungicides for kiwifruit soft rot prevention and control during the growth and storage periods.【Methods】Indoor toxicity tests.Indoor toxicity effects of the tebuconazole,pro-chloraz,fluazinam,propiconazole,imazalil sulfate,pyraclostrobin,flusilazole and azoxystrobin on B.dothidea were assessed via the mycelial growth inhibition method.For evaluation of in vitro preventive and curative activities of the prochloraz,azoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad,trifloxystrobin·te-buconazole,imazalil sulfate and fludioxonil against kiwifruit soft rot,the fruits were given preventive(applied 24 and 72 h pre-inoculation)and curative(applied 24 and 72 h post-inoculation)treatments,the effects were evaluated after kiwifruits had softened.In 2020,the filed trials of the flusilazole,pyra-clostrobin·fluxapyroxad,azoxystrobin,trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole were conducted at the modern ag-ricultural research a

关 键 词：猕猴桃软腐病 葡萄座腔菌 杀菌剂 防效 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学] S436.634[农业科学—园艺学]