防雹网对东红猕猴桃生育期生长指标和叶片病害的影响  

Effect of anti-hail nets on the growth and leaf diseases of Donghong kiwi-fruit during growing period

作　　者：汪志威 宋福兵 周玉萍 李秀亚 胡秋舲 钟彩虹[2] WANG Zhiwei;SONG Fubing;ZHOU Yuping;LI Xiuya;HU Qiuling;ZHONG Caihong(Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liupanshui 553000,Guizhou,China;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]六盘水市农业科学研究院,贵州六盘水553000 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉430074

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第11期2358-2367,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：乌蒙山区特色果园生草复合增效创新能力建设(黔科合服企[2021]号);六盘水市猕猴桃生产技术标准体系修订与建设;提高猕猴桃自然授粉坐果率集成技术研究。

摘　　要：[目的]冰雹灾害频发,严重威胁猕猴桃安全生产,建设防雹网成为生产上防灾减灾的有效手段之一,探究防雹网对东红猕猴桃生育期特点及叶片病害的影响,为防雹网建设及推广提供理论参考。[方法]以贵州省六盘水市水城区蟠龙镇沙坡村6年生的东红猕猴桃园为供试果园,在同一地块,以覆盖白色防雹网为试验处理,以露天栽培为对照,2020-2021年连续2 a(年)测定防雹网对猕猴桃果园温度、光照度、物候期、芽间距、萌芽率、主花数、单花率、产量及叶片病害发生率的影响。[结果]与对照相比,防雹网内猕猴桃果园温度在2-4月一直高于对照,最高可达0.8℃,6-9月一直低于对照,最低可达2.1℃。生育期较对照均推迟,其中萌芽期较对照推迟3~5 d,开花期推迟4~5 d,成熟期推迟7~8 d,落叶期推迟18~23 d。2020年,防雹网内猕猴桃40~80 cm、>80~120 cm、>120 cm长度的结果母枝上结果枝主花数分别较对照显著或极显著降低23.96%、26.98%、31.24%,结果枝上单花率分别较对照显著提高95.39%、103.31%、105.76%;2021年,防雹网内猕猴桃40~80 cm、>80~120 cm、>120 cm长度的结果母枝上结果枝主花数分别较对照显著降低24.52%、22.43%、28.37%,结果枝上单花率分别较对照显著提高99.49%、92.64%、95.16%。叶片褐斑病病株率、病叶率、病情指数连续两年平均分别比对照低17.55%、21.95%、4.13%和17.33%、21.15%、7.04%;灰斑病的病株率、病叶率、病情指数两年均分别比对照低6.73%、20.73%、6.02%和9.04%、25.66%、8.63%;黑斑病的病株率、病叶率、病情指数两年均分别比对照低6.11%、7.96%、2.24%。对芽间距、萌芽率及产量没有显著影响。[结论]防雹网影响猕猴桃花芽分化,能促进花朵集中开放及提高单花率,降低猕猴桃叶片病害发病率,但不影响猕猴桃整体产量和品质,对猕猴桃生产具有促进作用。【Objective】China has the largest planting area and output in the world for kiwifruit which is vulnerable to extreme climate.Hail is considered as one of the most serious natural disasters,which is characterized by the rapid and sudden onset,strong unpredictability and significantly destructive power.In recent years,frequent hail disasters have seriously threatened the safe production of kiwifruit.Anti-hail nets have become one of the effective measures for disaster prevention and protecting against reduc-tion in production.Therefore,analyzing the effect of anti-hail nets in kiwifruit orchards is of great sig-nificance to prevent from hail disasters,develop new materials and optimize structural design,guide the fine management and elevate fruit quality and efficiency of kiwifruit industry.【Methods】6-year-old Donghong kiwifruit vines were used as test materials at Shapo village,Panlong town,Shuicheng Dis-trict,Liupanshui City from 2020 to 2021.On the same plot,white anti-hail nets were covered and open-air culture was used as the control.GSP-6 automatic temperature recorder was used to measure the or-chard temperature,and the AS823 illuminance meter to determine the orchard light intensity.The bud break stage,flowering stage,maturity stage and leaf fall stage of kiwifruit were analysed.Additionally,the mean internode distance,bud germination rate on mother canes and the main flower number,single flower rate,orchard yield,fruit quality and leaf disease on bearing canes were measured on different length of bearing canes for 40-80 cm,80-120 cm and above 120 cm.The temperature,bud break stage,flowering stage,maturity stage,leaf fall stage,mean internode distance,bud germination rate,main flower number,single flower rate and leaf disease were compared between inside and outside of anti-hail nets.【Results】Compared with the control,the temperature of the kiwifruit orchard in the anti-hail nets was always higher than the control from February to April,up to 0.8℃,and was lower than the control from June to Sep

关 键 词：猕猴桃 防雹网 生长指标 单花率 叶片病害 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]