不同带状间作模式对棉花生长发育和生产力的影响  

Effects of Different Strip Intercropping Patterns on the Growth and Productivity in Cotton

作　　者：张永莉 张宁 徐姣 许豆豆 成芳 张成龙 吴碧波[2] 巩养仓[3] 贺云新[3] 魏尚职 屠小菊 刘爱玉[1] 周仲华[1] ZHANG YongLi;ZHANG Ning;XU Jiao;XU DouDou;CHENG Fang;ZHANG ChengLong;WU BiBo;GONG YangCang;HE YunXin;WEI ShangZhi;TU XiaoJu;LIU AiYu;ZHOU ZhongHua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;Hunan Biological and Electromechnical Polytechnic,Changsha 410127;Hunan Institute of Cotton Science,Changde,415101,Hunan;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Huanggai Town,Linxiang City,Yueyang,414300,Hunan)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南生物机电职业技术学院,长沙410127 [3]湖南省棉花科学研究所,湖南常德415101 [4]湖南临湘市黄盖镇农业综合服务中心,湖南岳阳414300

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第22期4444-4458,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发[2022]31号);湖南省棉花科技创新项目(湘财建指[2023]98号);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指(2023)98号,湘财建指(2024)162号)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同带状间作模式对棉花生物量积累与分配、光合性能及产量的影响,探究不同带状间作模式下棉花增产增效潜在机制,提出适宜长江流域的最优棉田带状间作种植模式。【方法】通过2点田间试验,以棉花单作(MC)为对照,设置棉花-甘薯(CS)、棉花-菜豆(CB)和棉花-甜瓜(CM)3种间作模式,2种带状配置分别为3﹕3和4﹕2,分析不同带状间作模式对棉株生物量积累、各器官分配、光合性能和产量的影响,并计算比较各带状间作模式下的棉花偏土地当量比和经济效益。【结果】2点田间试验带状间作模式下的平均籽棉产量和皮棉产量较MC均显著提高,其中,与棉花间作甘薯和棉花间作甜瓜相比,棉花间作菜豆产量优势最为显著,且2点田间试验CB 3﹕3模式籽棉产量较MC分别提高23.20%和32.46%,皮棉产量较MC分别提高26.43%和32.53%,其主要原因是单株成铃数分别为26.58和24.43个,较MC分别显著提高22.21%和28.85%。而衡阳棉花间作甘薯CS 4﹕2模式铃重较MC显著降低3.01%。盛铃期,带状间作模式下棉株生物量积累总量均大于MC,生殖器官分配比例较茎秆和叶片显著提高,且衡阳各间作模式下生殖器官占比均达50%以上。从盛蕾期到吐絮期,各种植模式叶面积指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,与MC相比,盛铃期各间作模式下棉株相对叶绿素含量和净光合速率均显著提高,其中,2点田间试验棉花间作菜豆最具优势,净光合速率较MC分别提高6.25%—6.29%和2.85%—2.90%,能够有效改善棉株光合性能,最终实现增产。在不同带状间作模式下,2点田间试验棉田总经济效益较MC增幅分别为1.24—2.70倍和1.42—3.09倍。从棉花的偏土地当量比来看,除长沙CS 4﹕2模式外,2点田间试验其余带状间作模式均表现出间作产量优势。【结论】不同带状间作模式产量的提高主要是通过生物量积累、同化物分配和光合性能的改善【Objective】By analyzing the effects of different strip intercropping patterns on cotton biomass accumulation and distribution,photosynthetic performance and yield,the potential mechanism of cotton yield increase and efficiency under different strip intercropping patterns was explored,so the optimum cotton strip intercropping planting pattern suitable for the Yangtze River basin was proposed.【Method】A two-point field experiment was conducted with monocropping cotton(MC)as the control,and three intercropping patterns of cotton-sweet potato(CS),cotton-bean(CB)and cotton-melon(CM)were set up,while two strip configurations were as follows:3:3 and 4:2.The effects of different strip intercropping patterns on biomass accumulation,organ distribution,light and performance and yield of cotton were analyzed,and the ratio of cotton to soil equivalent and economic benefit under different strip intercropping patterns were calculated and compared.【Result】Compared with MC,The average seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield under strip intercropping patterns in two field trials were significantly increased.Among them,compared with cotton intercropping with sweet potato and cotton intercropping with melon,the cotton intercropping with bean had the most significant advantage in cotton yield.and the yield of CB 3:3 pattern seed cotton was 23.20%and 32.46%higher than MC,respectively;compared with MC,the yield of lint was increased by 26.43%and 32.53%,respectively;the main reason was that the number of bolls per plant was 26.58 and 24.43,respectively,which were significantly increased by 22.21%and 28.85%compared with that of single cropping.The boll weight of cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 4:2 in Hengyang was 3.01%lower than MC.At full boll period,the biomass accumulation of cotton plant was higher than MC,and the proportion of reproductive organs allocation was significantly higher than that of stem and leaf,the proportion of reproductive organs in each intercropping pattern in Hengyang was more than 50%.From fu

关 键 词：棉花 带状间作模式 产量 生物量积累与分配 光合性能 经济效益 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]