密度对油菜角果性状的影响及高产油菜增产路径分析  

Effects of Planting Density on the Pod Characteristics and Exploring Strategie Analysis to Increase Yield in High-Yield Rapeseed

作　　者：李亦扬 王龙 钱晨 李静 林国冰 瞿雯婷 王炎 林耀威 黄怡航 郑经东 尤晶晶 左青松[1] LI YiYang;WANG Long;QIAN Chen;LI Jing;LIN GuoBing;QU WenTing;WANG Yan;LIN YaoWei;HUANG YiHang;ZHENG JingDong;YOU JingJing;ZUO QingSong(College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第22期4459-4472,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2300300);中央粮油生产保障专项项目;江苏省高等学校基础科学重大项目(21KJA210003);扬州市现代农业发展专项项目(YN2023206)。

摘　　要：【目的】种植密度是重要的产量调控因子,影响油菜角果数量和角果质量形成。在油菜角果达到一定数量基础上提升角果质量,从而进一步挖掘油菜增产潜力,探讨角果质量对油菜群体产量形成的影响。【方法】于2021—2022和2022—2023年度在扬州大学世业洲试验基地,以秦优10号和宁杂1838为供试品种,设置5个密度处理,分别为2.4×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D1)、3.6×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D2)、4.8×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D3)、6.0×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D4)和7.2×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D5),研究密度对产量、冠层性状以及角果性状等影响。【结果】从D1至D5处理,随着密度增加,群体角果数和小区产量均先增加后降低,群体角果数D3和D4处理较高,小区产量D2和D3处理较高。不同处理结角层厚度的变化范围为41.50—80.98 cm,从D2处理开始,随着密度增加,结角层厚度显著降低;不同处理着角密度的变化范围为0.98×10^(4)—2.16×10^(4)·m^(-3),随着密度增加显著增加。根据所有处理群体平均每角粒数的大小将角果分为低效、中效和高效3种类型,粒数分别为≤14粒、15—17粒和≥18粒。低效、中效和高效类型角果的单角产量的平均值分别为19.40×10^(-3)、53.41×10^(-3)和80.62×10^(-3)g,低效、中效和高效3种类型角果数量比例的变化范围分别为27.60%—40.96%、8.39%—19.73%和39.31%—63.28%。3种类型角果中,高效角果的产量占比最高,低效、中效和高效3种类型的变化范围分别为8.41%—15.62%、7.24%—22.01%和62.60%—83.92%。D3至D5处理,随着密度增加,高效角果数量及其占比均显著降低,小区产量显著降低。【结论】油菜目标实收产量4500 kg·hm^(-2)(300 kg/亩),适期播种条件下适宜密度范围和群体质量指标包括:密度3.6×10^(5)—4.8×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(2.4×10^(4)—3.2×10^(4)株/亩),群体角果数83.0×10^(6)—94.0×10^(6)·hm^(-2)(550×10^(4)—620×10^(4)/亩),达到18粒的高效角果数量比例在50%以上。�【Objective】Planting density is an important factor affecting pod quantity and quality in rapeseed.Based on a certain number of rapeseed pod quantity,the quality of rapeseed kernels was improved to further tap the potential of rapeseed production,so as to explore the effect of kernels quality on the formation of rapeseed population yield.【Method】The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of planting density on rapeseed yield,canopy,and pod characteristics during the 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023 growing seasons in Shiye Experimental site of Yangzhou University in Zhenjiang.Qinyou10 and Ningza1838 were used as the rape test materials.Five planting density levels were set as 2.4×10^(5) plant/hm^(2)(D1),3.6×10^(5) plant/hm^(2)(D2),4.8×10^(5) plant/hm^(2)(D3),6.0×10^(5) plant/hm^(2)(D4),and 7.2×10^(5)·plant/hm^(2)(D5).【Result】As planting density increased from D1 to D5,the number of pods in population and plot seed yield initially increased and decreased thereafter.The number of pods in population in D3 and D4 was higher than that in other densities,and plot seed yield reached the maximum value in D2 and D3.The canopy thickness,ranging from 41.50 cm to 80.98 cm across different treatments,increased with an increase in planting density from D2 to D5.The pod density,ranging from 0.98×10^(4) to 2.16×10^(4) per cubic meter,significantly increased as planting density increased.According to the number of seeds per pod across different treatments,the pods were categorized into low efficient pod(≤14),middle efficient pod(15 to 17),and high efficient pod(≥18),respectively.The average yield per pod of low,middle,and high efficient pod was 19.40×10^(-3),53.41×10^(-3) and 80.62×10^(-3) g,respectively.The allocation ratio of pod number ranged from 27.60%to 40.96%for low efficient pod,8.39%to19.73%for middle efficient pod and 39.31%to 63.28%for highly efficient pod,respectively.Among the three types of pods,the ratio of yield for highly efficient pod was the highest and the range of variation

关 键 词：油菜 产量构成 角果性状 高效角果 增产路径 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]