小麦和蚕豆填闲及其腐解液对连作辣椒幼苗生长及疫病的影响  

Effects of Wheat and Broad Bean Catch Crop and Their Decomposed Liquids on the Growth and Blight of Continuous Cropping Pepper Seedlings

作　　者：路露 李一诺 张修国[2] 高丹美 吴凤芝 LU Lu;LI YiNuo;ZHANG XiuGuo;GAO DanMei;WU FengZhi(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学园艺园林学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第22期4541-4552,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：财政部、农业农村部:国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系资助(CARS-23-B09)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确填闲作物腐解液对连作辣椒幼苗生长及疫病的影响,为麦、豆填闲减轻辣椒的连作障碍提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以辣椒以及辣椒连作土壤为研究对象,首先设置了小麦(A)、蚕豆(B)、大叶臭菜(C)、小麦和蚕豆混合(AB)、小麦和大叶臭菜混合(AC)、蚕豆和大叶臭菜混合(BC)以及小麦、蚕豆和大叶臭菜混合(ABC)等7个填闲处理,以不填闲作物为对照(CK),研究不同处理对辣椒生长和疫病的影响;其次,为了探明填闲作物腐解液在促生控病中的作用,设置4个不同浓度的小麦和蚕豆混合秸秆腐解液(0.01、0.03、0.05和0.07 g·mL^(-1))处理,以蒸馏水为对照(CK),探究不同处理对辣椒幼苗生长及疫病的影响。【结果】移栽20和30 d时,小麦和蚕豆混合填闲处理的辣椒全株鲜重、全株干重、株高均显著高于不填闲处理,发病率及病情指数均显著低于不填闲处理,其中小麦和蚕豆混合填闲处理的病情指数显著低于其他处理。小麦和蚕豆混合秸秆腐解液处理20和30 d时显著提高了辣椒全株鲜重;30 d时,除0.01 g·mL^(-1)处理外的其他处理辣椒全株干重均显著提高,0.03 g·mL^(-1)处理相较于蒸馏水处理显著提高了辣椒的根长、根系平均直径、根表面积、根体积、根尖数及叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性(P<0.05);不同浓度的小麦和蚕豆混合秸秆腐解液处理的辣椒疫霉菌菌丝直径、游动孢子萌发率和产孢量均显著低于蒸馏水处理(P<0.05),其中浓度为0.03 g·mL^(-1)处理的菌丝直径、游动孢子萌发率显著低于其他处理,浓度为0.03 g·mL^(-1)的处理对疫病菌和疫病的抑制效果最好。【结论】小麦与蚕豆混合填闲对连作辣椒幼苗具有促生、抑病作用,其秸秆腐解液在其中发挥重要作用,腐解液浓度为0.03 g·mL^(-1)时的效果最佳,其作用与对疫病菌的直接抑制和提高植株防御酶活性密切相关【Objective】To clarify the effects of catch crop decomposition liquid on the growth and blight of continuous pepper seedlings,and to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for wheat and broad bean catch crop to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of peppers.【Method】Pepper and pepper continuous cropping soil were used as the research object.Firstly,seven catch crop treatments were set up,including wheat(A),broad bean(B),large-leafed skunk cabbage(C),wheat and broad bean mixture(AB),wheat and large-leafed skunk cabbage mixture(AC),broad bean and large-leafed skunk cabbage mixture(BC),and wheat,broad bean and large-leafed skunk cabbage mixture(ABC),and the non-catch crops were used as the control(CK).Study the effects of different treatments on the pepper growth and blight.Secondly,in order to ascertain the role of its catch crop decomposition liquid in promoting growth and disease control,four treatments with different concentrations of wheat and broad bean mixture straw decomposition liquid(0.01,0.03,0.05,and 0.07 g·mL^(-1))were set up to investigate different treatments the effects on the growth and blight of pepper seedlings,using distilled water as the control(CK).【Result】When transplanting for 20 and 30 d,the fresh weight of the whole plant,dry weight of the whole plant and plant height of pepper after mixed catch crop treatment of wheat and broad bean were significantly higher than those no-catch crops treatments,and the incidence and disease index were significantly lower than those no-catch crops treatments.The disease index of the wheat and broad bean mixed catch crop treatment was significantly lower than that of all other treatments.The whole plant fresh weight of pepper was significantly increased at 20 d and 30 d of treatment with wheat and broad bean mixed straw decomposed liquids.At 30 d,the dry weight of the whole pepper plant was significantly increased except for 0.01 g·mL^(-1)treatment.Compared with distilled water treatment,0.03 g·mL^(-1)treatment significantly

关 键 词：填闲 腐解液 辣椒 辣椒疫病 生长 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.418[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]