行政处罚权下沉基层的规范阐释及实施对策  

A Normative Interpretation and Implementation Strategies of Decentralizing Administrative Penalty Power to the Grassroots Level

作　　者：魏琼[1] 胡钟月 Wei Qiong;Hu Zhongyue(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620

出　　处：《牡丹江师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期28-37,共10页Journal of Mudanjiang Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化、创新性发展与中国自主法学知识体系建构研究”(2023JZDZ013)。

摘　　要：现行《行政处罚法》新增第二十四条将行政处罚权下沉乡镇人民政府、街道办事处等基层组织,旨在提高行政效率、满足治理需求。但是,基层行使行政处罚权的资格存疑、“交由”基层行使行政处罚权的方式多变、行政处罚下沉的决定主体不统一、行政处罚下沉的领域判定不一及行政处罚权下沉的程序不畅等现实挑战,直接影响到行政处罚权配置的合理性。为此,有必要从基层行使行政处罚权的资格、性质与依据,“交由”基层行使行政处罚权的定性,“决定”基层行使行政处罚权主体的厘清,“基层管理迫切需要”领域的判定规则之确立等全方位地对该条款作出规范阐释,并精准落实以下三个实施对策,即第一,省级机关依法行使实质赋权决定权;第二,下沉的范围应与承接能力相匹配;第三,通过多种监督方式确保下沉权力顺畅衔接,实现程序法治。The current"Administrative Penalty Law"introduces a new Article 24,which delegates the power to impose administrative penalties to grassroots organizations such as township people's governments and street offices,aiming to enhance administrative efficiency and meet governance demands.However,the qualification of grassroots organizations to exercise administrative penalty powers is questionable,and the methods of"entrus-ting"administrative penalty powers to grassroots organizations are diverse,the decision-making bodies for delegating administrative penalties are not uniform,the determination of fields for the delegation of administrative penalties varies,and the procedures for delegating administrative penalty pow-ers are not smooth,all of which directly affect the rational allocation of administrative penalty powers.Therefore,it is necessary to provide a compre-hensive normative interpretation of this clause from various aspects,including the qualification,nature,and basis for grassroots organizations to exercise administrative penalty powers,the characterization of"entrusting"administrative penalty powers to grassroots organizations,the clarification of the decision-making bodies for grassroots organizations to exercise administrative penalty powers,and the establishment of determination rules for fields where"urgent grassroots management needs"exist.Furthermore,it is crucial to accurately implement the following three implementation strate-gies:First,provincial-level authorities should legally exercise the substantive power to decide on delegation;second,the scope of delegation should match the capacity to undertake it.Third,multiple supervision methods should be employed to ensure a smooth transition of delegated powers,achie-ving procedural legality.

关 键 词：行政处罚权 基层治理 权力下沉 规范阐释 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]