西双版纳地区金弹子苗木繁殖试验  

Experimental Study on the Propagation of Diospyros armata Seedlings in Xishuangbanna

作　　者：杨潇 袁加明 秦丽萍 曹瀚丹 丰伟 YANG Xiao;YUAN Jiaming;QIN Liping;CAO Handan;FENG Wei(College of Life Sciences,Xishuangbanna Vocational and Technical College,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]西双版纳职业技术学院生命科学学院,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第9期53-57,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(No.2023J1814)。

摘　　要：为了研究金弹子(Diospyros armata)在西双版纳的科学繁殖方法,用来自四川、重庆的金弹子繁殖材料在西双版纳地区开展播种繁殖、扦插繁殖和嫁接繁殖试验,设计不同基质、不同遮阴度、扦插桩是否缠膜和不同嫁接方法,观察出苗时间、出苗率、存苗率、回芽率和侧枝发生率及成活株数等情况。结果表明,播种繁殖在立春对种子浸泡后采用腐叶土30%+河沙30%+草木灰20%+锯末20%的混合基质,20 d左右开始发芽,28 d陆续出苗,90 d时出苗结束,100 d可出圃移栽,效果优于其他处理;清明后扦插繁殖应对桩体上半段缠紧膜,下半段全部插入河沙与风化石的混合基质,25 d后扦插桩陆续发芽,90 d后发芽率85%且多数已长侧枝,并发现扦插成活(长根)与长侧枝情况高度相关,且因其为综合生根方式,增加桩体表皮与基质接触面积的做法有利于生根;金弹子立夏后嫁接采用嫩枝单芽腹接法成活率在60%左右,伤口愈合美观,嫁接操作要注意绑缚留芽眼且套密封袋保湿。通过研究得出西双版纳地区可用上述方法繁殖籽播苗、扦插苗和嫁接苗3种苗木,且均有60%以上存苗率。This work describes experiments on the propagation of Diospyros armata seeds,cutting,and grafts from Sichuan and Chongqing to study the scientific propagation method of D.armata in Xishuangbanna.Different substrates,diverse shading degrees,cutting piles wrapped with film,and different grafting methods are designed.The emergence time,emergence rate,survival rate,germination rate,lateral branch occurrence rate,and number of surviving plants were observed.The results revealed that the mixed substrate of leaf mold 30%+river sand 30%+plant ash 20%+sawdust 20%was used for seeding and propagation after the seeds were soaked at the beginning of spring.The germination started at approximately 20 d,and the seedlings emerged at 28 d.The emergence ended in 90 d,and the seedlings could be transplanted out of the nursery at 100 d.The effect was better than that of the other treatments.After the Qingming Festival,the upper part of the pile was tightly wrapped,and the lower part was completely inserted into the mixed matrix of river sand and weathered stones.After 25 d,the cutting piles had germinated successively,and after 90 d,the germination rate was 85%,and most of them had grown side branches.The survival of cuttings(grown with roots)was highly correlated with the growth of side branches because it is a comprehensive rooting method.The method of increasing the contact area between the epidermis and the matrix of the piles is conducive to rooting.After the beginning of the summer,the survival rate was approximately 60%with the single-bud abdominal grafting method.The wound healed beautifully.The grafting operation should note binding the bud eyes and setting a sealed bag to moisturize.The results show that the above methods can propagate three types of seedlings in Xishuangbanna,including seed sowing,cutting,and grafting,with a survival rate of more than 60%.

关 键 词：金弹子 播种繁殖 扦插 嫁接 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S688.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]