轮作影响土壤磷有效性的研究进展  

Review on the Effects of Crop Rotation on Soil Phosphorus Availability

作　　者：侯梅芳 寇枘 岳政府 邹雨坤[2,3] 王进闯 刘贝贝[2,3] 张俏燕 李勤奋[2,3] HOU Meifang;KOU Rui;YUE Zhengfu;ZOU Yukun;WANG Jinchuang;LIU Beibei;ZHANG Qiaoyan;LI Qinfen(School of Ecological Technology and Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;Environmental and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agricul-ture in Tropical region of China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-circular Agri-culture,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院,上海201418 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室/海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第12期2542-2554,共13页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.32171647);中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(No.CATASCXTD202412);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.421QN0916)。

摘　　要：磷作为植物主要的营养元素之一,关乎农作物的产量及品质。在耕地质量下降及土壤磷缺乏或有效性低等多重影响下,提高土壤磷有效性成为国内外关注的焦点。采用2种及2种以上的作物进行轮作,对改良土壤、提高农业生产效率及恢复农田生态系统功能等方面具有积极的影响。因此,本研究梳理总结不同作物轮作情况下对土壤理化性质、土壤磷形态转化、土壤微食物网等方面的研究进展。其中,一方面从土壤理化性质与土壤磷形态转化之间相关关系入手,分析轮作对土壤磷有效性的影响;另一方面,从土壤微食物网的结构变化、基因调控等作用下的土壤磷形态转化与磷的生物地球化学循环角度,在分子水平上深入探讨不同作物轮作对土壤磷有效性的影响。通过文献综述发现不同作物轮作可改变土壤理化性质和土壤微食物网结构,从而影响土壤磷的形态转化,以提高土壤磷的有效性,促进作物产量及品质的提升,说明不同作物轮作是改善土壤磷有效性的重要农业管理措施,今后需加强这方面的研究及不同作物轮作组合模式的探索,为保障国家粮食安全、农作物品质等方面提供重要的支撑,因此相关研究具有重要的社会、经济和生态环境意义。Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth,and plays a crucial role in determining crop yield and quality.Due to the combined pressure of decreased arable land quality and soil phosphorus deficiency or low bioavailability,the improvement of soil phosphorus availability has become a global concern.The rotation of two or more crops has positive effects on soil improvement,crop production efficiency and the restoration of agricultural ecosystem function.This study reviews the research progress on the effects of crop rotation on soil physiochemical properties,soil phosphorus transformation,and soil micro-food web.Firstly,the relationship between soil properties and phosphorus transformation is analyzed to assess the impact of crop rotation on phosphorus availability.Secondly,from the perspective of soil micro-food web and gene regulation,the transformation and biogeochemistry cycle of soil phosphorus was analyzed at the molecular level.It is summarized that crop rotation can affect soil phosphorus transformation through altering soil physiochemical properties and micro-food network structure,which can improve soil phosphorus availability,and ultimately promote crop yield and quality.We indicate that crop rotation is an important agricultural management measure for improving soil phosphorus availability.It is suggested to strengthen the related research and explore the combination model of crop rotation in the future.It would provide powerful support for food security and crop quality,and is of great significance in social economy and ecological environment.

关 键 词：轮作 土壤理化性质 土壤磷形态 土壤微食物网 磷有效性 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]