种间靠接对中粒种咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响  

Effect of Interspecific Inarching on the Growth of Grafted Seedlings of Robusta Coffee

作　　者：林兴军[1] 李爱玲 刘畅 龙宇宙[1] 张昂 LIN Xingjun;LI Ailing;LIU Chang;LONG Yuzhou;ZHANG Ang(Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops/Spice and Bev-erage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;Hainan Xingke Tropical Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;Hainan Changjia Agricultural Tourism Technology Co.,Ltd.,Lingshui,Hainan 572400,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁571533 [2]海南兴科热带作物工程技术有限公司,海南万宁571533 [3]海南畅佳农旅科技有限公司,海南陵水572400

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第12期2555-2562,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.322RC780)。

摘　　要：为研究种间靠接方式对咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响,以中粒种咖啡热研1号为接穗、大粒种查理5号为砧木,采用靠接法进行嫁接。设置2组靠接方式(先剪砧木顶端再靠接、先靠接成活后再剪砧木顶端),分别移入3种土质(黏土、壤土、沙土)和4种不同咖啡连作年限(0、5、10、20 a)土壤中,以中粒种自接苗作为CK,研究种间靠接对嫁接苗成活率、嫁接苗植株长势指标、叶绿素含量和嫁接苗在不同土质中生长、退化以及不同连作年限土壤生长的影响。结果表明:在接穗相同阶段嫁接,保留砧木地上部分的靠接处理嫁接苗成活率显著高于未保留地上部分的靠接处理的成活率。采用相同的靠接方式,在接穗“蝴蝶叶期”嫁接,嫁接苗成活率比“士兵期”嫁接显著降低。不同嫁接方法能够显著影响咖啡嫁接苗成活率,且接穗苗龄较小有利于提高嫁接苗成活率。不保留砧木顶端的靠接处理相对增大了根系,增大根冠比,促进地上部分生物量增大,植株生长较快。保留砧木顶端的靠接处理前期地上部分生物量大,促进地下部分的生长。芽接成活后剪掉大粒种顶端,相对降低了地上部分生物量,使根系生长受到抑制,降低根系生物量。不同土质对嫁接苗根系的生长产生显著影响,在黏土中,中粒种根系比大粒种根系发达,在沙土中,大粒种根系比中粒种根系发达。随着靠接苗的生长,嫁接成活后不及时剪除中粒种根系,大粒种根系会随着生长缓慢退化。在不同种植年限土壤中,种间嫁接苗成活率均为100%,可以有效缓解连作障碍,显著提高成活率,恢复地上部分生长。靠接后2~3 d开始出现愈合的皮层薄壁细胞,4 d时可见砧木与接穗之间有愈伤组织形成,6~8 d时砧木与接穗间2/3的茎段已经愈合,8~10 d中愈合明显。因此,以大粒种为砧木、中粒种为接穗,在接穗“士兵期”采用先剪掉大粒种顶端再靠接的方�Using the robusta coffee Reyan 1 as the scion and liberica coffee Chali 5 as the rootstock,grafting was carried out using the inarching method to investigate the effect of interspecies grafting on the growth of coffee grafted seedlings.Two sets of inarching methods were set up(cutting off the top of the rootstock first and then grafting,and grafting first and then cut off the top of the rootstock after surviving),and then transplanted into three types of soil(clay,loam,and sandy soil)and four different coffee continuous cropping years(0,5,10,20 a)soil,and the robusta coffee self grafted seedlings were used as CK to study the effect of interspecific inarching on the survival rate,growth index,chlorophyll content,and growth and degradation of grafted seedlings in the different soil types and in the different coffee continuous cropping years soil.Results showed that grafting at the same stage of scion,the survival rate of F2 treatment(grafted seedlings with preserved aboveground parts of the rootstock)was significantly higher than that of F1 treatment(grafted seedlings without preserved aboveground parts of the rootstock).Using the same method,grafting at the“Butterfly”stage of the scion,the survival rate of grafting seeding was significantly reduced compared to grafting at the“soldier”stage.Different grafting methods could significantly affect the survival rate of coffee grafted seedlings,and the younger age of the scion seedlings was beneficial for improving the survival rate of grafted seedlings.The treatment of F1 increased the root system,root to shoot ratio,and promoted the increase of aboveground biomass,resulting in faster plant growth.In the early stage of F2 treatment,the biomass of the aboveground part was high,which promoted the growth of the underground part.Cutting off the top of the rootstock after surviving relatively reduced the biomass of the aboveground part,inhibited the growth of the root system,which reduced the biomass of the root system.Different soil types had a significant impact on

关 键 词：咖啡种间嫁接 靠接法 不同土质 连作障碍 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]