海南油茶自交与异交的花粉管生长差异分析  

Analysis of Pollen Tube Growth Difference Between Self and Cross-pollination of Camellia hainanensis

作　　者：于钊妍 龚涵 徐玉芬 刘艳菊[1] 吴坤林 曹秋林 贾效成[1] YU Zhaoyan;GONG Han;XU Yufen;LIU Yanju;WU Kunlin;CAO Qiulin;JIA Xiaocheng(Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wenchang,Hainan 571339,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南文昌571339

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第12期2592-2598,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.322QN414);海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2023XDNY054)。

摘　　要：油茶(Camellia spp.)是我国重要的木本油料,在保障国家粮油安全中占有重要地位。前人初步研究表明,油茶的自交不亲和性可能是导致油茶结实率低的重要原因之一。本研究拟采用荧光显微镜观察法,结合形态观察,以热研2号、热研3号海南油茶为材料,自交和杂交组合分别为热研3号×热研3号、热研3号×热研2号,进行自交和异交授粉后采样,采用“双载玻片贴合两面观察法”制片后,进行花粉管荧光显微观察,比较二者花粉管生长的差异。结果表明:热研系列海南油茶柱头前端均有不同程度的弯曲,柱头数为3~5个不等,雌蕊长度略大于雄蕊长度;雌蕊长度和雄蕊数量、雄蕊长度呈显著正相关。其单花开放持续5~8 d,花粉散粉时间和柱头具可授性的时间重叠。花粉管荧光观察表明,热研3号海南油茶自交与异交花粉管前期生长速度大致相同,二者生长速度均在授粉后12~24 h内达到顶峰,自36 h后,杂交花粉管生长长度超过自交花粉管,直至生长至子房内。授粉48 h后,自交与异交花粉管均能到达花柱基部,此时已观察到异交花粉管能进入子房,但自交花粉管生长速度则变慢,直至在花柱基部接近子房处生长停滞。该研究结果为海南油茶品种配置和高效栽培提供理论基础。Camellia spp.is an important woody oil in China,which plays an important role in ensuring national grain and oil security.Previous studies showed that the self-incompatibility of Camellia spp.may be one of the important reasons for the low seed setting rate.In this study,fluorescence microscopy and morphological observation were adopted.C.hainanica Reyan 2 and Reyan 3 were used as the material,and the self-cross and hybrid combinations were Reyan 3×Reyan 3,Reyan 3×Reyan 2,respectively.Samples were collected after self-cross and cross-pollination.The difference of pollen tube growth between the two groups was compared by fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that there were different degrees of curvature at the front end of the stigmas,the number of stigmas ranged from 3 to 5,and the pistil length was slightly larger than the stamen length.The length of pistil was positively correlated with the number and length of stamen.The single flower opening lasted for 5‒8 d,and the time of pollen dispersal overlapped with the time of stigma receptivity.Pollen tube fluorescence observation showed that the growth rates of autocross and outcross pollen tubes of Reyan 3 Camellia hainanica were roughly the same in the early stage,and the growth rates of both reached the peak within 12‒24 h after pollination.After 36 h,the growth length of hybrid pollen tube exceeded that of autocross pollen tube until it grew into ovary.48 h after pollination,both inbred and outbred pollen tubes could reach the base of the style,and it was observed that the outbred pollen tubes could enter the ovary,but the growth rate of the inbred pollen tubes slowed down until the growth stopped at the base of the style near the ovary.The results would provide a theoretical basis for the variety configuration and efficient cultivation of C.hainanica.

关 键 词：海南油茶 自交 异交 花粉管 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]