Distribution behavior of valuable elements in oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting process of waste printed circuit boards  

废旧线路板富氧顶吹熔炼过程中有价元素的分布行为

作　　者：Kang YAN Wen-can QUAN Zhong-tang ZHANG Hua-ping NIE Rui-xiang WANG Zhi-feng XU 严康;全温灿;张忠堂;聂华平;王瑞祥;徐志峰(江西理工大学冶金工程学院,赣州341000;自然资源部离子型稀土资源与环境重点实验室,赣州341000;赣州市绿色冶金与过程强化工程技术研究中心,赣州341000;江西应用技术职业学院材料工程学院,赣州341000)

机构地区：[1]School of Metallurgy Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China [2]Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,Ganzhou 341000,China [3]Ganzhou Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Ganzhou 341000,China [4]School of Material Engineering,Jiangxi College of Applied Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China

出　　处：《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》2024年第11期3721-3736,共16页中国有色金属学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFC2904201);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51904124,52004111);Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (Nos.20224BAB214040,20232BAB204036);the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,China (No.JXUSTQJYX2020012);Jiangxi Provincial Cultivation Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Subjects,China (Nos.20212BCJL23052,20212BCJ23006,20212BCJ23007);Double Thousand Plan in Jiangxi Province,China (No.jxsq2019201040);Key Project of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (No.20212ACB204015)。

摘　　要：Oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting is a promising technology for processing waste printed circuit boards(WPCBs).The distribution behavior of valuable elements in WPCBs during smelting was investigated by varying the oxygen-enriched concentration,oxygen volume,CaO/SiO_(2)(mass ratio),and Fe/SiO_(2)(mass ratio).The optimal operating conditions were obtained by implementing a one-factor-at-a-time method.X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscopy−energy dispersive spectrometer,and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy methods were utilized to detect the chemical composition,occurrence state as well as elemental contents of alloy and slag.It is found that the elements of Cu,Sn and Ni are mainly accumulated in the alloy while Fe is mainly oxidized into the slag.The direct yields of Cu,Sn and Ni are 90.18%,85.32%and 81.10%under the optimal conditions of temperature 1250℃,oxygen-enriched concentration 30%,oxygen volume 24 L,CaO/SiO_(2) mass ratio 0.55,and Fe/SiO_(2) mass ratio 1.05.The results show that the valuable metals are mainly lost in the slag through mechanical entrainment.采用富氧顶吹熔炼技术处理废旧线路板是一种是非常有前途的工艺。系统研究熔炼过程中富氧浓度、通氧量、CaO/SiO_(2)(质量比)和Fe/SiO_(2)(质量比)对有价金属分布行为的影响,通过单因素条件实验确定最优工艺参数。结合XRD、SEM-EDS和ICP-AES等检测手段,对熔炼过程产出合金和炉渣进行化学物相、赋存形态及化学元素进行表征和分析。结果发现,熔炼过程中Cu、Sn和Ni元素主要赋存在合金中,而Fe元素主要被氧化入渣。在温度为1250℃,富氧浓度为30%,通氧量为24 L,CaO/SiO_(2)质量比为0.55和Fe/SiO_(2)质量比为1.05条件下,Cu、Sn和Ni的直收率可分别达到90.18%、85.32%和81.10%。实验结果表明熔炼过程有价金属主要是以机械夹杂方式损失于渣中。

关 键 词：waste printed circuit boards top-blown smelting element distribution thermomechanical analysis slag type 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF803[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]