境外低轨卫星互联网星座无许可落地的法律问题研究  

Legal Issues on the Unauthorized Landing of Foreign LEO Satellite Constellations

作　　者：夏春利[1] XIA Chunli(School of Law,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期25-35,共11页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：工业和信息化部研究项目(20300002024120003)。

摘　　要：“星链”等低轨卫星互联网星座可提供全球覆盖的天基通信系统,但其在一国落地运营须取得地面国“落地权”许可、地球站设置使用许可和电信业务运营许可等。境外低轨卫星互联网星座未经许可在一国落地,便侵犯了《国际电信联盟组织法》所承认的电信主权,也违反了《无线电规则》第一卷第18.1款和第三卷第22号、第25号决议的具体规定。这些具体规定包括:在一国境内操作发射地球站,须仅在该国主管部门授权的情况下进行;卫星网络或系统的通知主管部门,须在切实可行的范围内,将在一国主管部门境内设置操作的发射地球站,限定为该国主管部门已经许可或授权的发射地球站。现有规则在卫星运营商禁用未获许可终端地球站的范围和程度、通知主管部门和关联主管部门采取有效立法和监管措施确保规则实施、制定相关技术标准确立可随时中断业务的技术要求等方面尚存改进余地,可通过2027年世界无线电通信大会加以完善。LEO satellite constellations such as Starlink provide a space-based communication system with global coverage,but their landing and operation in a country require the“landing right”license,the license to install and use earth stations and the license of telecommunication operation.The unauthorized landing of foreign LEO satellite constellations in a country infringes the telecommunication sovereignty recognized by the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union(ITU),as well as the specific provisions of Vol.1 No.18.1,Vol.3 Resolutions No.22 and No.25 of the Radio Regulations,which specify that the operation of transmitting earth stations within a country shall be carried out only with the authorization of the competent authorities of that country,and the notifying competent authorities for a satellite network or system should,as far as practicable,limit the transmitting earth stations installed and operated by the competent authorities of a country to only those licensed or authorized by the competent authorities of that country.There is room for improvement in the existing rules in terms of the scope and extent of the prohibition of unlicensed terminals by satellite operators,and the adoption of effective legislative and regulatory measures by notifying and associated competent authorities to ensure the implementation of the rules and the development of relevant technical standards to formulate technical requirements for terminating services at any time,which can be improved by World Radiocommunication Conference 2027.

关 键 词：电信主权 低轨卫星互联网星座 落地权 地球站许可 无线电规则委员会 

分 类 号：D990[政治法律—国际法学] D991.1[政治法律—法学]