国际民航组织对旅客数据跨境流动的规制及挑战应对  

ICAO’s Regulation of Cross-Border Flow of Passenger Data and its Response to Challenges

作　　者：张君周[1] ZHANG Junzhou(Civil Aviation Management Institute of China,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航管理干部学院,北京100102

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期122-134,共13页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：民用航空局民航安全能力建设资金项目(1001011620230177)。

摘　　要：民航旅客信息随着国际航班的出入境在不同国家间传输,构成了典型的民航数据跨境流动情形。国际民航组织基于促进国际航空运输发展的职责编制了《附件9:简化手续》,明确数据跨境报送的要求,引入“三性要求”“个人权益和自由”“必要与比例得当”等原则,推动关于预报旅客资料、旅客订座记录的指导性文件制定,发挥旅客数据在提升运输便利性与安全性上的多种功能。民航旅客数据跨境存在的突出问题是各国立法、监管以及数据技术等方面差异较大,妨碍了数据的有效流动。对此,国际民航组织需持续发挥沟通、协调作用,整合国际组织与专家力量,推进国际标准与措施的制定与完善。中国作为民航运输与数据大国,需不断完善国内立法,加强国际合作,积极参与国际治理并打造强有力的安全评估体系与监管体系,确保民航旅客数据跨境流动的有序开展。The transmission of civil aviation passenger information among different countries with the entry and exit of international flights is a typical situation of cross-border data flow in civil aviation.Based on its responsibility to promote the development of international air transport,the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)has formulated Annex 9,which specifies the requirements for cross-border data reporting.It introduces the principles of“requirements for three properties”“personal rights and freedoms”and“necessary and proportionate”to facilitate the formulation of guiding documents for advance passenger information(API)and passenger name record(PNR),and to fulfil the multiple functions of passenger data in enhancing the convenience and security of transportation.A prominent problem in cross-border flow of civil aviation passenger data is that there are significant differences in legislation,regulation,and technical standards between countries,which hinder the effective flow of data.In this regard,ICAO still needs to continuously play the role of communication and coordination,and integrates the strengths of international organizations and experts to advance the formulation and improvement of international standards and measures.As a major country in both civil aviation transport and data,China needs to continuously improve its domestic legislation,strengthen international cooperation,actively participate in international governance,and establish a robust safety assessment system and regulatory system to ensure the orderly cross-border flow of civil aviation passenger data.

关 键 词：数据跨境 预报旅客资料 旅客订座记录 标准与推荐措施 适当原则 

分 类 号：DF993.4[政治法律—国际法学] DF993.99[政治法律—法学]