辊压机辊轴断裂分析及冷却水孔结构仿真应用  

Analysis on roller shaft’s fracture and structural simulation of cooling water hole in roller press

作　　者：张胜泉 孙学娟 ZHANG Shengquan;SUN Xuejuan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Sciences,Tianjin 300350)

机构地区：[1]天津中德应用技术大学机械工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第9期132-137,共6页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目技术创新引导专项优秀企业科技特派员项目(19JCTPJC41900)。

摘　　要：辊压机辊轴是设备的核心部件,根据某现场辊轴轴承位断裂情况,文中对辊轴断裂面进行材质取样化验,并复查辊轴质检报告等,排除了材质及制造问题。通过观察辊轴内部冷却水孔断裂面,发现辊轴实际加工中冷却水孔出现刀痕错位情况。对辊轴及冷却水孔建立模型,采用力热耦合分析的方法,在辊面、轴承位及冷却水孔设置不同的工况温度,并建立冷却水孔加工面刀痕错位模型,通过与正常加工模型进行对比,发现冷却水孔刀痕错位处应力值相对正常加工高约20%。辊面及轴承位温度偏高时,该处应力绝对数值较大。考虑到辊轴材质硬度由外层向内层逐步降低的情况,刀痕位置容易局部出现裂纹,并持续扩大,最终导致辊轴断裂。根据分析结论,对辊轴冷却水孔结构设计进行了改进,并减小了冷却水孔直径,在制造过程中一次镗孔成型,防止加工时出现刀痕错位情况,加强了深孔加工的质量控制,避免了辊轴断裂情况的再次发生。The roller shaft is the key part of the roller press.In this article,according to the fracture of the roller shaft’s bearing in a field,the materials on the fracture surface are selected and sampled,and then the report on the roller shaft’s quality inspection is reviewed.As a result,such problems as materials and manufacturing are ruled out.By observing the fracture surface of the cooling water hole inside the roller shaft,it is found that there are machining errors in the cooling water hole when the roller shaft is processed.Efforts are made to set up the model for both the roller shaft and the cooling water hole;the thermo-mechanical coupling analysis is conducted to set different operating temperatures on the roller surface,at the bearing position,and in the cooling water hole;the model is set up for the machining errors at the cooling water hole’s machining surface.By comparing with the normal machining model,it is found that the stress value at the position of the machining errors is about 20%higher than that of normal machining.When the temperature on the roller surface and at the bearing position is too high,the absolute stress value is high.With the ever-decreasing hardness of the roller shaft materials from the outer layer to the inner layer,local cracks are prone to occur at the position of the machining errors and continue to expand,thus leading to the roller shaft’s fracture.Accord-ing to these results,efforts are made to improve the cooling water hole’s structure and reduce its diameter.During the manufac-turing process,the hole is formed in one time,so as to prevent machining errors.Besides,the quality control of deep hole pro-cessing is ensured,in order to avoid recurrence of the roller shaft’s fracture.

关 键 词：辊压机 辊轴 断面分析 热力耦合 冷却水孔 

分 类 号：TD403[矿业工程—矿山机电]