基于NSGA-Ⅱ的锂电池液冷扁管结构设计与热性能优化研究  

Structural design of liquid cooled flat tube for lithium battery and optimization of thermal performance based on NSGA-Ⅱ

作　　者：范伟军 沈建[1] 陈涛[2,3] 汪雅丽 FAN Weijun;SHEN Jian;CHEN Tao;WANG Yali(College of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering,Changsha Vocational and Technical College,Changsha 410217;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082;Hunan Huda Aisheng Automobile Technology Development Company Limited,Changsha 410205)

机构地区：[1]长沙职业技术学院智能制造工程学院,湖南长沙410217 [2]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,湖南长沙410082 [3]湖南湖大艾盛汽车技术开发有限公司,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第8期89-95,共7页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA23062064);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(23C1123);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ60100);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(23B1141);长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2014031);湘江新区(长沙高新区)关键核心技术攻关项目。

摘　　要：文中提出了一种锂电池模组蛇形液冷扁管空间并行交叉液冷结构,对液冷结构参数进行了优化。以电池最高温度和最大温差为优化目标,以液冷扁管高度为优化变量,采用拉丁超立方法(Latin Hypercube Sampling,LHS)对优化变量建立80组参数化组合样本,以CFD瞬态数值仿真计算,结合Kriging代理模型与NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmⅡ)多目标遗传算法对液冷结构参数进行寻优求解,并进一步研究了冷却液入口速度对液冷结构散热性能的影响。结果显示:相对单层蛇形液冷扁管结构,蛇形液冷扁管空间并行交叉结构有更好的冷却性能,在冷却液入口流速为0.02 m/s时,电池1C放电工况下最高温度和最大温差分别下降3.2%和19.3%,电池2C放电工况下最高温度和最大温差分别下降6.4%和18.3%;在冷却液入口流速降低时,蛇形液冷扁管空间并行交叉结构的散热性优势更明显。In this article,a serpentine liquid cooled flat tube structure characterized by the cross-parallel space is proposed for the lithium battery modules,and the parameters of the liquid cooled structure are optimized.With the battery’s maximum temperature and temperature difference as the optimization objectives,and the liquid cooled flat tube’s height as the optimization variables,80 sets of parameterized composite samples are worked out by means of Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS)for the optimization variables.The CFD transient numerical simulation is performed;the Kriging Surrogate Model and the NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmⅡ)multi-objective genetic algorithm are combined to optimize the liquid cooled structure’s parameters.Efforts are made to explore the influence of the flow rate at the coolant inlet on the liquid cooled structure’s heat-dissipation performance.The results show that compared with the single-layer serpentine liquid cooled flat tube structure,the serpentine liquid cooled flat tube structure characterized by the cross-parallel space has better cooling performance.When the flow rate at the coolant inlet is 0.02 m∕s,the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference with the battery 1C discharge decrease by 3.2%and 19.3%,respectively;the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference with the battery 2C discharge decrease by 6.4%and 18.3%,respectively.When the flow rate at the coolant inlet is declining,the serpentine liquid cooled flat tube structure characterized by the cross-parallel space will have more obvious advantage of heat-dissipation performance.

关 键 词：液冷扁管结构 CFD瞬态仿真 拉丁超立方法 KRIGING模型 NSGA-Ⅱ 热性能 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] U469.7[机械工程—车辆工程]