轿车轮毂气动造型特征协同优化设计研究  

Collaborative optimization design of aerodynamic shape features for car wheel hubs

作　　者：成振波 孙亚超 冉婷婷 王全生 CHENG Zhenbo;SUN Yachao;RAN Tingting;WANG Quansheng(College of Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054;Chongqing Ping Wei Auto Science And Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401133)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆400054 [2]重庆平伟汽车零部件有限公司,重庆401133

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第8期184-189,共6页Journal of Machine Design

摘　　要：分析轿车轮毂造型对用户审美意象和整车气动性能的影响,探究基于轮毂造型的气动造型特征协同设计影响关系。通过感性工学对120款轿车轮毂进行造型分析,得到轮毂造型特征参数和感性意象词。将采用K均值聚类分析法筛选出的典型轿车轮毂作为主要研究样本,采用李克特量表收集用户审美意象的主观评价,通过单因素方差分析得出造型元素和审美意象间的关系;重组造型特征参数设计样本,通过计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)仿真分析,得出轮毂造型元素对气动性能的影响规律。当轮毂的轮辐数量为5辐、轮辐无自旋、轮辐无分叉和轮辐镂空正投影面积比低或中等时,轮毂的气动性能较好,有利于形成稳重、复古且保守的审美意象,当轮毂造型元素为7辐、有自旋、有分叉或镂空正投影面积比高时,气动性能较差,有利于形成运动、未来且个性的审美意象。得出轮毂造型元素对审美意象和气动性能影响的耦合关系,并通过用户评价和气动仿真验证了结论的有效性。The influence of wheel hub modeling on user aesthetic image and vehicle aerodynamic performance was analyzed.The collaborative design relationships were explored based on aerodynamic styling characteristics of the wheel hub.Modeling analysis of 120 car wheel hubs were performed using kansei engineering to obtain wheel hub shape characteristic parameters and kansei image words.K-Means cluster analysis were used to screen typical car wheel hub as the primary research samples.User aesthetic images was subjectively evaluated using the Likert scale,and the relationships between design elements and aesthetic perception were derived through one-way ANOVA.The design samples were reconfigured with characteristic parameters and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation to determine the influence of wheel hub design elements on aerodynamic performance.It was found that when the number of spokes was five,with no spin,no bifurcation,and low or medium hollow front projection area ratio,the aerodynamic performance of the wheel hub was better.That was conducive to forming a stable,retro and conservative aesthetic image.The design elements included seven spokes,spin,bifurcation,and high hollow projection area ratio,the aerodynamic performance was poor,which was conducive to the formation of a sporty,futuristic,and individual aesthetic intention.The coupling relationships between the influence of wheel hub shape elements on aesthetic image and aerodynamic performance were established.The validity of the conclusion was verified through user evaluation and aerodynamic simulation.

关 键 词：计算流体动力学 感性工学 用户审美意象 汽车轮毂造型 气动性能 

分 类 号：U463.34[机械工程—车辆工程] TB472[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]