无人机螺旋桨的气动特性与动力学特性分析  

Analysis of Aerodynamic and Dynamic Characteristics of UAV Propeller

作　　者：张永旺 赵希宁 周圣奇 ZHANG Yongwang;ZHAO Xining;ZHOU Shengqi(Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报》2024年第6期46-51,共6页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics

摘　　要：螺旋桨的气动性能参数是影响无人机能耗和续航的重要因素,对螺旋桨进行气动特性分析有助于后续通过改善翼型等参数来优化螺旋桨的设计。此外,螺旋桨在实际工作过程中容易发生共振,从而降低螺旋桨的可靠性,了解和分析螺旋桨的振动频率和模态对螺旋桨避开共振工作点、提高疲劳寿命具有重要意义。首先利用有限元软件对螺旋桨气动性能进行分析,得到螺旋桨的升力变化曲线和桨叶的压力云图,随后对螺旋桨进行模态振动分析,重点研究旋转速度及离心载荷对螺旋桨振动频率和模态的影响。研究结果表明:所建立的螺旋桨模型能够为无人机提供1.888N的升力,能够满足无人机的气动性能要求。由模态振动分析结果可知,随着转速的增加,螺旋桨受到的离心载荷增加,离心载荷的增加直接导致螺旋桨动力刚化效应,螺旋桨振动频率增加。The aerodynamic performance parameters of propellers are important factors affecting the energy consumption and endurance of UAVs.The analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of propellers is helpful to optimize the design of propellers by improving parameters such as airfoil.In addition,the propeller is prone to resonance in the actual working process,which reduces the reliability of the propeller.Understanding and analyzing the vibration frequency and mode of the propeller is of great significance to avoid the resonance working point and improve the fatigue life of the propeller.In this paper,the aerodynamic performance of the propeller is analyzed using Finite element analysis software to obtain the lift curve of the propeller and the pressure cloud of the blade,and then the modal vibration of the propeller is analyzed,focusing on the influence of rotating speed and centrifugal load on the vibration frequency and mode of the propeller.The results show that the propeller model can provide 1.888N lift force for UAVs,which can meet the aerodynamic performance requirements of UAVs.The modal vibration analysis results show that the centrifugal load on the propeller increases with the increase of rotational speed,which directly leads to the propeller dynamic hardening effect and the propeller vibration frequency increases.

关 键 词：有限元分析 气动特性分析 频率 振动模态 

分 类 号：TK433.2[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]