施肥对土壤线虫群落特征和根结线虫病的影响  

Effects of fertilization on soil nematode community characteristics and root-knot nematode disease

作　　者：包玲凤 苏银玲[1] 李孝梅 张达 木万福[1] 杨子祥[1] BAO Lingfeng;SU Yinling;LI Xiaomei;ZHANG Da;MU Wanfu;YANG Zixiang(Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botanical Garden of Institute of Tropical Eco-Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,元谋干热河谷植物园,元谋651300

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第6期93-105,199,共14页Plant Protection

基　　金：云南省蔬菜主要病虫害防治技术集成研究(202304BT090025-01-04-02)。

摘　　要：施肥对改善土壤线虫群落结构和防治根结线虫病具有重要作用。本文从已发表的文献中筛选出72篇符合设定标准的文献,从中提取有效数据245组进行Meta分析,探讨国内不同施肥措施、作物类型和气候条件对土壤线虫群落结构及根结线虫病的影响。结果表明,不同施肥措施显著影响植物寄生线虫和杂食/捕食性线虫丰度、辛普森优势度指数及线虫通道比。综合比较在不同作物类型、年平均降雨量和气温下施肥对线虫丰度的影响发现,施肥显著影响禾本科和十字花科作物土壤线虫丰度,在年平均降雨量<400 mm和>800 mm、年平均气温>15℃时施肥对土壤线虫丰度影响最为明显。施用有机物料、生物肥料可显著降低土壤根结线虫J2数量和病情指数。因此,通过施肥措施调控土壤线虫群落应综合考虑不同的作物类型和气候条件。该研究可为优化农田管理措施改善土壤环境、防治根结线虫病提供科学依据。Fertilization plays an important role in improving soil nematode community structure and controlling root-knot nematode(RKN)disease.To explore the effects of different fertilization measures,crop types and climatic conditions on soil nematode community structure and RKN disease in China,a total of 72 articles were screened out and 245 groups of valid data were extracted for Mata-analysis.Abundance of plant-parasite nematodes and omnivores-predator nematodes,Simpson-dominance index and nematode channel ratio were significantly affected by different fertilization practices.Fertilization significantly affected soil nematode abundance of gramineae and cruciferae crops under conditions of different crop type,mean annual precipitation and temperature,when the mean annual precipitation was lower than 400 mm or more than 800 mm and the mean annual temperatures was higher than 15℃,the effect of fertilization on soil nematode abundance was the most obvious.Reducing the quantity of RKN J 2 in soil and disease index can be achieved by applying organic materials and bio-fertilizers.Different crop types and climatic conditions should be taken into account in the process of controlling soil nematode community by fertilization.The above results provide scientific basis for improving soil environment and controlling RKN disease by optimizing farmland management measures.

关 键 词：施肥 线虫 根结线虫 META分析 

分 类 号：S432.2[农业科学—植物病理学]