砜吡草唑土壤残留动态及对后茬植物安全性评估  

Residue dynamics of pyroxasulfone in the soil and its safety assessment on following plants

作　　者：杨偌升 刘清浩[2] 李广领[3] 苏旺苍[1] 孙兰兰[1] 徐洪乐[1] 薛飞[1] 吴仁海[1] YANG Ruosheng;LIU Qinghao;LI Guangling;SU Wangcang;SUN Lanlan;XU Hongle;XUE Fei;WU Renhai(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;School of Resources and Environment,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州450002 [2]中北大学化学与化工学院,太原030051 [3]河南科技学院资源与环境学院,新乡453003

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第6期284-290,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项(221111112300);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400503);河南省农业科学院自主选题项目(2024ZC060);河南省省级科技研发计划联合基金(222301420110)。

摘　　要：本文采用超高效液相色谱法检测砜吡草唑在土壤中的残留动态,并用室内毒土法测定了砜吡草唑对植物活性,以评估其对后茬植物的药害风险。结果表明,本文建立的砜吡草唑土壤残留分析方法准确度高,砜吡草唑平均添加回收率为83.76%~90.63%,变异系数为1.96%~6.69%;利用该方法检测砜吡草唑在土壤中残留动态,其降解方程为C_(T)=0.3381e^(-0.0061T),半衰期为113.6 d。测定土壤中不同含量砜吡草唑对32种植物毒性,结果表明,当土壤中砜吡草唑含量为0.1 mg/kg时,对蒲公英、苋菜、生菜、紫云英、番茄、菠菜、秋葵、茴香鲜重抑制率高于50%,土壤残留药害风险极高;对上海青、绿豆、芥菜、茼蒿、甘蓝、油麦菜、辣椒、茄子、高粱、水稻、芝麻、黄瓜鲜重抑制率为30%~50%,残留药害风险较高;对油菜、三叶草、烟草鲜重抑制率为10%~30%,属中等残留药害风险;对向日葵、大豆、玉米、小麦、棉花鲜重抑制率低于10%,土壤残留药害风险较低。部分植物毒力测定结果表明,砜吡草唑对菠菜的IC_(30)、IC_(90)分别为0.009、0.491 mg/kg,对高粱的IC_(30)、IC_(90)分别为0.093、0.726 mg/kg,表明二者配合可作为土壤中砜吡草唑残留的指示植物;苜蓿、小麦、大豆、玉米对砜吡草唑IC_(10)分别为1.063、0.911、1.101、3.724 mg/kg,高于砜吡草唑田间使用初始沉积量的2倍量(0.712 mg/kg),表明砜吡草唑对苜蓿、小麦、大豆、玉米安全性较高,作为使用砜吡草唑后茬轮作作物较为安全。In this paper,ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC-PDA)was used to detect the residue dynamics of pyroxasulfone in soil,and the risk of phytotoxicity of pyroxasulfone in soil to following plants was evaluated by indoor pot experiment.The results showed that the accuracy of the method was high.The average recovery of pyroxasulfone was 83.76%-90.63%and RSD was 1.96%-6.69%.The degradation equation was C_(T)=0.3381e^(-0.0061 T) and the half-life was 113.6 d.The toxicity of different content of pyroxasulfone in soil to 32 plants was determined.The results showed that when the content of pyroxasulfone in soil was 0.1 mg/kg,the inhibition rate of fresh weight of Taraxacum mongolicum,amaranth,lettuce,astragalus sinicus,tomato,spinach,okra and fennel was higher than 50%,and the risk of residual pesticide damage in soil was extremely high.The inhibition rate of fresh weight of Shanghai green,mung bean,mustard,chrysanthemum,cabbage,lettuce,pepper,eggplant,sorghum,rice,sesame and cucumber plants was 30%-50%,which was of high residual phytotoxicity risk.The inhibition rate of fresh weight of rape,clover and tobacco was 10%-30%,which was of the risk of medium residual pesticide damage.The inhibition rate of sunflower,soybean,corn,wheat,cotton and fresh weight was less than 10%and the risk of pesticide residue in soil was low.The toxicity test results of some plants showed that the IC_(30) and IC_(90) values of pyroxasulfone on spinach were 0.009 mg/kg and 0.491 mg/kg,respectively,and those on sorghum were 0.093 mg/kg and 0.726 mg/kg,respectively,indicating that the combination of the two plants can serve as indicator plants for pyroxasulfone residues in soil.IC_(10) values of pyroxasulfone on Alfalfa,wheat,soybean,and corn were 1.063,0.911,1.101,and 3.724 mg/kg,respectively,which were twice as much as the initial deposition of pyroxasulfone in the field(0.712 mg/kg).The above results indicate that pyroxasulfone is highly safe to alfalfa,wheat,soybean and corn,which are considered safe crops for subsequent crop rotation

关 键 词：砜吡草唑 土壤 残留 后茬植物 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.49[农业科学—农药学]