苹果树腐烂病生防菌的筛选及其防治效果  

Screening of biocontrol bacteria against apple Valsa canker and their control effect

作　　者：郭家琛 董燕红 石朝阳 李波 戴鹏博 王亚南[1] 胡同乐[1] 曹克强[1] 王树桐[1] 孟祥龙 GUO Jiachen;DONG Yanhong;SHI Zhaoyang;LI Bo;DAI Pengbo;WANG Yanan;HU Tongle;CAO Keqiang;WANG Shutong;MENG Xianglong(College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,保定071001

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第6期296-305,共10页Plant Protection

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金(C2021204034);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-27);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018100206)。

摘　　要：苹果树腐烂病由黑腐皮壳菌Valsa mali引起,是苹果生产中威胁最大的病害之一。为了筛选苹果树腐烂病的生防菌,本研究对田间分离的473株细菌进行了室内拮抗评价和田间防控效果评价,并对防控效果较好的菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明,通过室内拮抗菌的筛选,获得了10株对苹果树腐烂病菌V.mali具有拮抗作用的生防细菌;对10株菌进行田间防治效果评价,结果表明菌株A18589对苹果树腐烂病具有显著的防治效果,且该菌株对苹果其他病害也具有显著的室内抑菌效果。经形态学、生理生化特性以及多位点序列分析,菌株A18589被鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。综上所述,本研究筛选获得的生防菌A18589对苹果树腐烂病具有相对较好的防治效果,具有替代化学药剂的潜在应用价值。Apple Valsa canker,caused by Valsa mali,is one of the most serious diseases in apple production.In order to screen biocontrol bacteria against apple Valsa canker,473 strains of bacteria isolated from the field were evaluated for indoor antagonism and field prevention and control effects,and the strains with better prevention and control effects were identified.The results showed that through the screening of antagonistic bacteria in the laboratory,10 strains of biocontrol bacteria with antagonistic effect on V.mali were obtained.The field control effect of 10 strains was evaluated.The results showed that the strain A18589 had significant control effect on apple tree rot disease,which also had significant indoor inhibitory effect on other apple diseases.The strain A18589 was identified as Bacillus velezensis by morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis(MLSA).In summary,the biocontrol bacterium A18589 has a relatively good control effect on apple tree canker,and has potential application value as an alternative to chemical agents.

关 键 词：苹果树腐烂病 黑腐皮壳菌 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 生物防治 

分 类 号：S436.611.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]