防除机插秧田萤蔺等杂草的除草剂筛选  

Screening of herbicides for controlling Schoenoplectiella juncoides in rice fields

作　　者：马里超 蒋易凡 陈芳芳 于佳星[2] 董立尧[2] MA Lichao;JIANG Yifan;CHEN Fangfang;YU Jiaxing;DONG Liyao(Planting Center of Bright Food Group Shanghai Farm Co.,Ltd.,Yancheng 224151,China;College of Plant Protection,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]光明食品集团上海农场有限公司种植业中心,盐城224151 [2]南京农业大学植物保护学院,农业农村部华东作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第6期313-320,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871993)。

摘　　要：萤蔺Schoenoplectiella juncoides是我国机插秧水稻田中危害严重的恶性杂草之一,本文旨在筛选出能够有效防除萤蔺的除草剂。利用整株生物测定法,测定了萤蔺对稻田常用除草剂与其他作物田除草剂共18种相关除草剂的敏感性;探究了能防除萤蔺的其他作物田除草剂对粳稻‘三江6号’与籼稻‘两优669’的安全性;并进一步筛选出对萤蔺等杂草毒力强且对水稻安全性高的除草剂。结果表明,水稻田土壤处理剂嗪吡嘧磺隆、扑草净和双唑草腈对萤蔺的GR90分别为61.44、271.55 g/hm^(2)和87.42 g/hm^(2),在田间推荐剂量下对萤蔺的抑制率均在92%以上。水稻田茎叶处理剂2甲4氯钠和灭草松对萤蔺的GR90分别为300.53 g/hm^(2)和567.52 g/hm^(2),在田间推荐剂量下对萤蔺的抑制率均在98%以上。除灭草松在田间推荐剂量下对水稻田异型莎草的鲜重抑制率仅为26.67%外,其余4种药剂在田间推荐剂量下对水稻田常见阔叶及莎草科杂草鳢肠Eclipta prostrata、水苋菜Ammannia baccifera和异型莎草Cyperus difformis的鲜重抑制率均在83%以上,且GR90也均显著低于推荐剂量。因此可使用嗪吡嘧磺隆、扑草净、双唑草腈和2甲4氯钠防除水稻机插秧田萤蔺等阔叶及莎草科杂草。Schoenoplectiella juncoides is one of the most harmful malignant weeds in machine-transplanted rice fields in China.This article was aimed to screen herbicides that can be used to effectively control S.juncoides.The sensitivity of S.juncoides to a total of 18 related herbicides,including commonly used herbicides in paddy fields and herbicides in other crop fields was determined by the whole-plant dose response bioassay.The safety of herbicides in other crop fields that can control S.juncoides on different varieties of rice(Japonica rice‘Sanjiang 6’and Indica rice‘Liangyou 669’)was investigated.The selected herbicides with high activity to S.juncoides and high safety to rice were screened.The results showed that the GR 90 values of metazosulfuron,prometryn and pyraclonil,which were used as soil treatments in rice fields,were 61.44,271.55 g/hm^(2)and 87.42 g/hm^(2),respectively.Under the recommended doses in the field,the control efficacy was all above 92%.The GR 90 values of post-emergence 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid and bentazone on S.juncoides were 300.53 g/hm^(2) and 567.52 g/hm^(2),respectively.Under the recommended doses in the field,the control efficacy was also all above 98%.The fresh weight inhibition rate of bentazone on Cyperus difformis was only 26.67%.While the fresh weight inhibition rate of the other four herbicides on common broad-leaved and Cyperaceae weeds in rice fields,such as Eclipta prostrata,Ammannia baccifera,and C.difformis,was all above 83%,and the GR 90 value was significantly lower than the recommended dose.The above results indicated that four herbicides can be used to control broadleaf and sedge weeds such as S.juncoides in rice machine-transplanted rice fields,including metazosulfuron,prometryn,pyraclonil and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid.

关 键 词：杂草防除 水稻 萤蔺 除草剂 敏感性 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]