几种农药及混配剂对百合种球贮藏期腐烂病的防治效果及对百合的安全性  

Control efficacies of several fungicides and mixed agents on lily bulb rot during storage period and their safety to lily

作　　者：马鹏东 梁巧兰 魏列新 陈应娥 MA Pengdong;LIANG Qiaolan;WEI Liexin;CHEN Ying’e(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第6期321-328,336,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：甘肃省高校产业支撑计划(2023CYZC-49);兰州市科技局项目(2018-4-78)。

摘　　要：兰州百合种球在贮藏期受到鳞茎腐烂病的危害而影响品质,对百合种球繁殖造成严重影响,为延长百合种球的安全贮藏时间,减少种球在贮藏期间的损失,本试验在前期试验的基础上选用8种农药单剂和5种混配剂,在百合种球收获后贮藏前,贮藏后15 d和30 d进行浸种处理,晾干后,4℃低温贮藏,并于贮藏前,贮藏后15、30、45 d和60 d调查鳞茎腐烂病发生情况、计算各药剂的防治效果。贮藏60 d后定植、观察药剂对百合的安全性。结果表明:供试药剂对兰州百合种球鳞茎腐烂病均有不同程度的防治效果,且随着处理时间的延长和处理次数增加各药剂的防治效果逐渐提高,60 d时防效达到最大,5种农药单剂:86.2%氧化亚铜WP、6%寡糖·链蛋白WP、0.1亿cfu/g多黏类芽胞杆菌FG、500 g/L异菌脲SC、75%百菌清WP对兰州百合种球贮藏期鳞茎腐烂病的防效均在70%以上,分别为71.13%、71.24%、75.36%、76.08%、76.76%;5种混配剂:丁子香酚+多黏类芽胞杆菌(1∶9)、氧化亚铜+异菌脲(2∶8)、多黏类芽胞杆菌+百菌清(8∶2)、氧化亚铜+百菌清(5∶5)、丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)对百合种球贮藏期鳞茎腐烂病的防效在76%以上,分别为76.38%、77.64%、79.92%、78.18%、80.79%,且多黏类芽胞杆菌+百菌清(8∶2)、丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)、丁子香酚+多黏类芽胞杆菌(1∶9)2种生物农药和化学农药、1种生物农药混配剂对百合贮藏期鳞茎腐烂病的防治效果均高于各自单剂,表现为增效作用,氧化亚铜+异菌脲(2∶8)和氧化亚铜+百菌清(5∶5)表现为相加作用;药剂处理3次贮藏60 d的百合种球鳞片发芽试验和田间定植试验显示,药剂处理对百合生长具有促进作用,其中单剂20%TraT2A AS、混配剂丁子香酚+百菌清(4∶6)的鳞片发芽率和每鳞片发芽个数分别为86.67%、75.55%和1.76、1.67个,与对照相比提高了69.57%、47.82%、64.07%、55.77%;单剂0.1亿cfu/g多黏类芽胞杆菌FG�The quality of Lanzhou lily bulbs is affected by bulb rot during storage,which has a serious impact on the sowing and reproduction of lily.In order to prolong the safe storage time of lily bulbs and reduce the loss of bulbs during storage,eight kinds of fungicides single agents and five kinds of mixed agents were selected on the basis of previous experiments.The lily bulbs were soaked before storage,15 days and 30 days after storage.After drying,they were stored at 4℃.The occurrence of bulb rot was investigated before storage,15,30,45 and 60 days after storage,the control effect of each fungicide was calculated,and the safety of the fungicides on lily was observed after 60 days.The results showed that different fungicides had different control effect on bulb rot of Lilium davidii var.unicolor,and the control effect of each fungicide gradually increased with the prolongation of treatment time and the increase of treatment times,and the control effect reached the maximum at 60 days.The control efficacies of five fungicides single agent cuprous oxide 86.2%WP,oligosaccharins·plant activator protein 6%WP,Paenibacillus polymyxa 100 million cfu/g FG,iprodione 500 g/L SC and chlorothalonil 75%WP on bulb rot of Lilium davidii var.unicolor during storage were all above 70%,which were 71.13%,71.24%,75.36%,76.08%and 76.76%,respectively.The control efficacies of five kinds of mixed fungicides eugenol with Paenibacillus polymyxa(1∶9),cuprous oxide with iprodione(2∶8),Paenibacillus polymyxa with chlorothalonil(8∶2),cuprous oxide with chlorothalonil(5∶5),eugenol with chlorothalonil(4∶6)on lily bulb rot during storage were more than 76%,which were 76.38%,77.64%,79.92%,78.18%,80.79%,respectively.The control effects of two kinds of biological fungicide with chemical fungicide mixtures,and one kind of biological fungicides mixture on lily bulb rot during storage were higher than those of single agent,showing synergistic effect.Cuprous oxide with iprodione(2∶8)and cuprous oxide with chlorothalonil(5∶5)showed additive

关 键 词：农药 混配剂 百合种球 贮藏期病害 防治效果 安全性 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]